我国司法量刑公正的伦理困境及出路研究.doc

摘 要

　　　公正是社会追求的最终目的，也是司法的生命所在，而量刑公正则是司法公正的灵魂所在。量刑公正问题无论在国内还是在国外都备受瞩目。在中国法治建设现代化迅速发展的历史进程中，正确、恰当的量刑对于法律，尤其是刑法任务的完成、立法者思想的体现、统治秩序的维护、社会公平正义的实现等都具有重要意义。

　　　但是，就像世界上不存在两片相同的树叶一样，每一个案例也都有其产生的独特性、情节的特殊性。对于法律条文的设定，我国一向秉持“宁粗勿细”的原则，这种原则虽然有助于保证多数情况下法律的实施，但却造成了我国法律条文规定过于简略和原则化，致使量刑幅度较宽，量刑弹性较大，无法从具体行为的操作上保证量刑幅度的统一，因此，量刑公正阻却问题必然存在。这给社会的和谐稳定、公平正义的实现埋下了极大的隐患。量刑公正阻却问题也成了许多学者、专家、民众进行探讨、议论的课题和话题。

　　　造成量刑公正阻却的原因是多方面的，既有法律制度本身的原因，也有量刑主体方面的原因；既有社会环境影响的原因，也有案例存在差异性与特殊性的原因。但无论是何种原因，最终都可以归结为人的原因，毕竟，法律是由人来制定和执行的，体现的是人的思想和行为；社会环境也是由人组成、维持和影响的。这一切活动始终都离不开人这个主体。因此，量刑不公现象的存在，最终的原因还是在于人，即量刑不公的核心与实质在于伦理原因——情、理、法三者无法和谐统一相处而产生的伦理矛盾造成的。

　　　解铃还须系铃人。量刑不公问题的最终出路必须依赖人的问题的解决，而人的问题的解决关键在于解决伦理问题。因此，必须首先从法律制度伦理的设计上入手，从源头上保证公正——程序公正；其次，提升量刑主体的德性修养并加强对其道德的监督，从实质上保证公正——实体公正；最后，改善社会环境对量刑公正的影响，从外部、内部同时着手，从而使情、理、法三者的关系得到正确而有效的处理，从而确保量刑公正的实现。

　　　

关键词：量刑，量刑公正，量刑主体，伦理困境，公正阻却

ABSTRACT

　　Social justice is the ultimate meaning, is also pursuing judicial life place, and sentencing justice is judicial justice soul. Sentencing fair question whether in China or abroad caught everyone's eye. Rule of law in China of the rapid development of the construction of modern history, correct and appropriate and reasonable sentencing for the implementation of the law, especially the criminal law and legal thought the task, lawmakers reflect, ruling order maintenance, the realization of social justice has important significance. 

　　But, as the world does not exist, like two same leaves each case also has its hair produces uniqueness, plot particularity. The setting for laws, China has always adhered "rather coarse without overcharging" principle, this principle although help ensure most cases law enforcement, but caused our laws principles and excessive curtness of regulations, leaving sentencing range wider, sentencing is larger, from concrete elastic unable to guarantee the unity of sentencing range, sentencing justice resistance but problem exists. This gives social harmony and stability, and the realization of justice buried a greatly hidden trouble. Sentencing justice resistance but also became many scholars, experts, and discusses the public, the discussion topics, topic. 

　　Cause sentencing justice resistance but reason is various, both legal system, also have the reason of itself of the main reasons; sentencing Both the social environment of reason, also have case exists difference and particularity reasons. Whatever the reason, finally all can be attributed to the behavior of reason, after all, the law is to formulate and implement by, reflects the people's thoughts and behaviors; Social environment is composed by people, maintain and influence. All these activities always is inseparable from the people this subject. Therefore, the massive existence of sentencing unfairness, the final reason lies in person, namely the core and essence of the sentencing injustice is ethical reasons - affection, the principle, the law cannot get harmonious unity among the ethical conflicts caused cause. 

　　Should end it, who tied the bell on the ultimate way sentencing injustice of ethics must be dependent on the solution of the problem. Must first from the legal system, the design of ethics from the source guarantee fair - procedural justice; Secondly, promote the sentencing subject to its moral accomplishment and strengthen moral supervision, from essentially guarantee fair - entity justice; Finally, improve social environment, the influence of sentencing justice from external, internal also begin, thus make affection, the relationship between principle, the method of get the correct and effective treatment, so as to ensure the realization of sentencing justice. 

　　　　

KER WORDS:  sentencing,sentencing fairness,Sentencing subject,An ethical dilemma,Justice resistance 

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT III

目 录 V

引 言 1

第一章  相关概念解析及其研究范围的界定 7

1.1量刑 7

1.2量刑公正 7

1.2.1公正 7

1.2.2量刑公正 8

1.3伦理困境 9

第二章  当前我国量刑现状 11

2.1现状——以交通肇事罪为考察对象的实证研究 11

2.1.1共时性维度考察 11

2.1.2历时性维度考察 12

2.2当前我国量刑实践中的突出问题：量刑公正阻却现象严重 13

第三章 当前我国量刑公正阻却的伦理困境及其原因 15

3.1量刑公正阻却的伦理困境 15

3.1.1刑罚价值与伦理价值的冲突 15

3.1.2量刑主体价值取向与公众价值取向的抵牾 19

3.1.3量刑主体的应然道德与实然道德的矛盾 20

3.2造成我国量刑公正阻却的伦理困境的原因 23

3.2.1伦理方面的原因 23

3.2.2其它方面的原因 25

第四章  当前我国量刑公正阻却的实质 29

4.1当前我国量刑公正的伦理内容与核心 29

4.1.1量刑公正的伦理内容 29

4.1.2量刑公正的伦理核心 30

4.2当前我国量刑公正阻却的伦理实质 33

4.2.1情、理的意义 33

4.2.2法与情、理的关系 34

4.2.3法与情、理冲突的原因 35

第五章 走出我国量刑公正阻却伦理困境的伦理选择 37

5.1量刑公正实现的制度伦理保证 37

5.1.1法律制度设计的伦理基础 37

5.1.2法律制度实施的道德要求 38

5.1.3量刑公正实现的主体德性要求 39

5.1.4量刑主体在量刑时应遵循的道德原则 40

5.2对量刑主体的道德舆论监督 42

5.3追求情、理、法三者的有效统一 44

结 语 47

参考文献 49

后 记 51

独 创 性 声 明 53

关于论文使用授权的说明 53