光学三维测量机机械结构及其控制系统设计.rar

光学三维测量机机械结构及其控制系统设计

摘 要

逆向工程是当前用于产品开发和仿制加工的一种先进手段，是集测量技术、CAD技术、激光技术、材料技术和计算机控制技术等为一体的高新技术，它针对现有的工件（样品或模型），利用3D数字化测量仪器快速、准确的测得大量轮廓坐标点，并对这些坐标点进行去噪，匹配加以构建，修改后输入到CAD/CAM系统，生成NC的刀具加工路径，或输入CNC进行生成所需的模具，或者生成某种格式的文件输入到快速成形机将样品模型制造出来。三维光学测量机就是这样一种设备，它可以将在三维物理空间中的被测物体复制到三维数据空间当中并进行重现，我们称之为建立三维模型。这种能力使三维扫描仪拥有非常巨大的应用前景。由于逆向工程技术具有广泛的应用领域和实用价值，因此，世界上主要工业国家纷纷投入巨资对此项技术进行研发和推广应用，他们无不站在21世纪世界制造业全球竞争的战略高度来对待这一技术。目前该项技术已经广泛应用于机械零部件的快速开发、汽车和飞机覆盖件的快速检测和反求、快速模具、医疗及康复工程、家用电器、工业设计、工艺品制作以及儿童玩具等领域，取得了巨大的经济效益。本次设计主要是完成光学三维测量机机械部分和控制系统的设计，本文提出的结构光三维测量系统是一种光栅式结构光扫描双目视觉测量技术。由于是面扫描，所以，在速度上有很大的优势，可以很好的实现被测自由曲面的快速、高精度的三维尺寸测量。通过对测量机的个部分部件的设计，最后完成光学三维测量机的设计工作。

关键词　逆向工程   三维模型    光学三维测量机  光栅  扫描

Abstract
Reverse engineering is currently used for product development and imitation of an advanced means of processing, is set measurement technology, CAD technology, laser technology, materials technology and computer-controlled technology, which integrates high-tech, it addresses the existing part (or sample MODEL), using 3 D digital measuring instruments quickly and accurately measured the outline of a large number coordinates, and coordinates of these points denoising, match to build, the revised import to CAD / CAM system, generating the NC tool processing path, or enter CNC to generate the necessary die, or generate a certain format of the files into a rapid prototyping machine will be created by the sample model. Three-dimensional optical measuring machine is one such device, which can be three-dimensional physical space of the detected objects copied to the 3D data space and return them, we call it the establishment of three-dimensional model. This ability to 3-D scanner has a very great prospect. Since reverse engineering is a wide range of applications and practical value, the world's major industrial countries have invested heavily in research and development of the technology and application, they all stand in the 21st century global competition in world manufacturing strategy to deal with this highly A technology. Currently the technology has been widely used in the rapid development of machinery parts, automobile and aircraft coverage of the rapid detection and anti-seeking, rapid tooling, medical and rehabilitation engineering, home appliances, industrial design, craft making and children's toys, and other fields and achieved A huge economic benefits. The optical design is complete three-dimensional measuring machines and mechanical control system design, the paper's three-dimensional structure of optical measurement system is a grating structure of binocular vision measuring optical scanning technology. Since the scan, therefore, have great speed on the edge, you can achieve very good surface tested free of the fast, high-precision 3D measurement. By measuring machine parts parts of the design, the final completion of three-dimensional optical measuring machine design.
Key words　 Reverse engineering   Three-dimensional model of optical scanning Three-dimensional measuring machines Grating

目 录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1
引言 1
1.1 三维光学测量机的应用与发展状况 2
1.2 设计研究的目的和意义 3
1.3 本文的内容安排 4
1.4 本章总结 4
第二章 光学三维测量机的测量原理 5
2.1 测量机的测量原理 5
2.2 三维测量机的特点 5
2.3 控制系统原理介绍 6
2.4 本章总结 7
第三章 光学三维测量机整体设计方案 18
3.1 设计要求 8
3.2 光学三维测量机基本结构分析 8
3.2.1 设计任务和内容 8
3.2.2 总体设计法案的拟定 8
3.2.3 光学三维测量机机械部分设计 9
3.2.4 控制部分设计 10
3.3 主要参数设定 16
3.4 本章总结 16
第四章 机械部分的具体设计及其硬件选择 17
4.1底座设计 17
4.2 滑动体主要设计 18
4.3 光学扫描仪测量系统的硬件组成 18
4.3.1结构光三维测量系统的硬件组成 18
4.3.2 CCD基本知识 19
4.3.3图像采集卡 20
4.3.4选择结果 20
4.4 光栅电动平移台基本结构设计 21
4.5 本章总结 21
第五章 光学三维测量机的设计计算 22
5.1 控制系统中电机的选择 22
5.1.1 步进电机概述 22
5.1.2 电动机容量的选择原则 22
5.1.3 步进电动机的容量计算 23
5.2 联轴器的选择 23
5.3 丝杠螺母副的选用计算 24
5.3.1丝杠螺母导程的确定 24
5.3.2 确定丝杠的等效转速 24
5.3.3 丝杠的等效负载 24
5.3.4 确定丝杠所受的最大动载荷 24
5.3.5 计算轴承动载荷 25
5.3.6 丝杠拉压振动和扭转振动的固有频率计算 25
5.4 丝杠的扭转刚度 26
5.5传动精度计算 26
5.6 本章总结 27
第六章 总结和展望 28
6.1 全文总结 28
6.2 展望 28
致  谢 30
参考文献 31
附录1  33
附录2  48