浅析拖拉机养护与机手操作存在的问题及对策（外文翻译） .doc
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浅析拖拉机养护与机手操作存在的问题及对策（外文翻译） ,according to the maintenance and jishou tractor operation problems and measures (foreign language translation) the tractor is a mobile agricultural machinery, i...
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According to the maintenance and JiShou tractor operation problems and measures (foreign language translation)
The tractor is a mobile agricultural machinery, it can traction, suspension and drive all kinds of machinery, in agricultural production can complete the plow, and broadcast, accept and intertillage and transportation DuoZhong homework. The maintenance and operation JiShou tractor correctly or not directly related to the work safety and efficiency. Motorcycle According to the DuoNian investigation and research, will the maintenance and JiShou tractor operation of existing problems and countermeasures in order to JiShou homework as follows, to provide the reference.
1 the maintenance
One is to pay attention to work conditions. Tractor in low-lying paddy fields of the work, should avoid to do, do car after car to take traction and implementation method of the excluded, and must not use the method of floor (smoke) makes walking system adjustment idling. In a sharp and leave chi chi high dry land of the work, to prevent the tires were karzai and shaft is crops …………
拖拉机是一种移动式农用动力机械,它能牵引、悬挂并驱动各种农机具,在农业生产中能完成耕、耙、播、收、中耕和运输等多种作业。拖拉机的养护及机手操作正确与否,直接关系到机车作业安全和工作效率。笔者根据多年的调研,将拖拉机的养护及机手操作中存在的问题和对策综述如下,以期为机手作业提供参考。
1拖拉机的养护
一是注意作业条件。拖拉机在低洼的水田中作业时,要尽量避免陷车,陷车后要采取牵引和推行的方法排除,切不可用加大油门的方法(冒黑烟)使行走系统调整空转。在根茬尖锐和留茬较高的旱地中作业,要防止轮胎被扎和转轴被作物秸秆缠绕。二是及时清洗保洁。拖拉机作业结束后,要及时将轮子及履带上沾染的污泥清除(清洗)掉,使行走系统保持洁净,尤其是支重轮的端面油封装置要及时清泥、检查和保养。此外,还要注意勿让油、酸、碱等腐蚀性物质沾染橡胶轮胎[1-2]。三是保持正常的轮胎气压和履带张紧度。使用拖拉机之前,要认真检查轮胎的气压是否正常(运输作业时可略高些,田间作业时要偏低些),以免引起瘪胎或爆胎。履带过松或过紧,都易引起履带板、履带轴及轮子加速磨损,故一定要保持适宜的张紧度。
2机手操作存在的问题及对策
2.1启动后马上投入作业
若起步后马上投入作业,由于此时机温较低(特别是冬季),突然加大油门会使发动机燃油燃烧不完全,排气管冒黑烟,气缸积炭。另外,刚启动时各运动机件表面润滑油膜尚未完全形成,润滑油黏度较大,不易流动,必然会加速运动机件的磨损。正确方法是拖拉机启动后,应在小油门位置适当运转10 min左右,待冷却水温升至45 ℃后起步,水温升到60 ℃时正式投入作业。
2.2起步前猛松离合器
…………
…………
The tractor is a mobile agricultural machinery, it can traction, suspension and drive all kinds of machinery, in agricultural production can complete the plow, and broadcast, accept and intertillage and transportation DuoZhong homework. The maintenance and operation JiShou tractor correctly or not directly related to the work safety and efficiency. Motorcycle According to the DuoNian investigation and research, will the maintenance and JiShou tractor operation of existing problems and countermeasures in order to JiShou homework as follows, to provide the reference.
1 the maintenance
One is to pay attention to work conditions. Tractor in low-lying paddy fields of the work, should avoid to do, do car after car to take traction and implementation method of the excluded, and must not use the method of floor (smoke) makes walking system adjustment idling. In a sharp and leave chi chi high dry land of the work, to prevent the tires were karzai and shaft is crops …………
拖拉机是一种移动式农用动力机械,它能牵引、悬挂并驱动各种农机具,在农业生产中能完成耕、耙、播、收、中耕和运输等多种作业。拖拉机的养护及机手操作正确与否,直接关系到机车作业安全和工作效率。笔者根据多年的调研,将拖拉机的养护及机手操作中存在的问题和对策综述如下,以期为机手作业提供参考。
1拖拉机的养护
一是注意作业条件。拖拉机在低洼的水田中作业时,要尽量避免陷车,陷车后要采取牵引和推行的方法排除,切不可用加大油门的方法(冒黑烟)使行走系统调整空转。在根茬尖锐和留茬较高的旱地中作业,要防止轮胎被扎和转轴被作物秸秆缠绕。二是及时清洗保洁。拖拉机作业结束后,要及时将轮子及履带上沾染的污泥清除(清洗)掉,使行走系统保持洁净,尤其是支重轮的端面油封装置要及时清泥、检查和保养。此外,还要注意勿让油、酸、碱等腐蚀性物质沾染橡胶轮胎[1-2]。三是保持正常的轮胎气压和履带张紧度。使用拖拉机之前,要认真检查轮胎的气压是否正常(运输作业时可略高些,田间作业时要偏低些),以免引起瘪胎或爆胎。履带过松或过紧,都易引起履带板、履带轴及轮子加速磨损,故一定要保持适宜的张紧度。
2机手操作存在的问题及对策
2.1启动后马上投入作业
若起步后马上投入作业,由于此时机温较低(特别是冬季),突然加大油门会使发动机燃油燃烧不完全,排气管冒黑烟,气缸积炭。另外,刚启动时各运动机件表面润滑油膜尚未完全形成,润滑油黏度较大,不易流动,必然会加速运动机件的磨损。正确方法是拖拉机启动后,应在小油门位置适当运转10 min左右,待冷却水温升至45 ℃后起步,水温升到60 ℃时正式投入作业。
2.2起步前猛松离合器
…………
…………
