长江口和东海海域的气象海况条件及安全航行对策.doc

长江口和东海海域的气象海况条件及安全航行对策

[摘要] 海洋环境的好坏直接影响到船舶的航行安全和经济效益，特别是某些恶劣的天气系统所引起的狂风巨浪和灾害性天气不仅使船舶操纵困难，而且还可导致严重的海损事故，因此，对于各海域的气象和海况，尤其是灾害性天气的掌握就显得尤为重要。本文主要探讨研究了影响长江口和东海海域内航行安全的气象海况条件。结合长江口和东海特殊的地形地貌特征，总结长江口和东海海域的风、浪、流等气候要素的分布规律，以及在长江口和东海经常出现的几种重要的天气系统。并在此基础上系统分析了影响长江口和东海的灾害性天气在各海区的分布规律。

[关键词]  长江口和东海  气候要素  天气系统  安全对策

 
The weather Conditions of the Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea and sea navigation safety countermeasures

Abstract：The ship's safety and economic effects depend on whether the oceanic conditions are good or not. Particularly some synoptic systems conducing the storm and very high sea not only makes the ships be manipulated difficultly, but also brings about fearful shipwreck. So, it looks particularly important to master the weather and sea condition of every sea area, in particular the disastrous weather. The paper focused on the weather and sea condition which impact the safety of navigation on The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea. With special topography features of The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea, the paper sum up the distribution of climate elements such as wind, wave and flow, and several important weather systems which often appear in The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea, on basis of which, I systematically analyses the distribution of disastrous weather impacting The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea in each sea area.

Key words：The Yangtze River estuary and East China Sea   climate elements 
 weather system   Safety Measures

 
目 录

引 言 1
第1章 长江口和东海海域气象海况基本情况 2
1.1 长江口的基本情况 2
1.2 东海海域的基本情况 3
第2章  长江口和东海海域的水文气象特征 6
2.1 长江口和东海海域的风 6
2.2 长江口和东海海域的浪 7
2.3 长江口和东海海域的流 8
2.3.1 长江口和东海海域的环流 8
2.3.2 长江口和东海海域的沿岸流 9
2.3.3 长江口和东海海域的外海流系 11
2.4 长江口和东海海域的风暴潮 12
第3章 长江口和东海海域的几种天气系统 16
3.1 极锋 16
3.2 西太平洋副热带高压 16
3.3 温带气旋 16
3.4 热带气旋 18
第4章  长江口和东海海域的恶劣天气及安全航行对策 20
4.1 长江口附近及东海海域恶劣天气对航行船舶的影响 20
4.1.1 寒潮大风的影响 20
4.1.2  温带气旋的影响 21
4.1.3 台风的影响 23
4.1.4 海雾的影响 24
4.2 船舶遭遇寒潮和温、热带气旋大风时应采取的安全措施 26
4.2.1 做好大风浪航行的准备工作 26
4.2.1 加强值班．运用良好船艺。谨慎驾驶 26
4.3 船舶在雾中航行应采取的安全措施 27
4.3.1 进入雾区前的准备工作 27
4.3.2 雾中航行应采取的措施和注意事项 27
结 论 28
致谢语 29
参考文献 30