毕业论文 家庭用智能防盗报警系统设计.doc

毕业论文 家庭用智能防盗报警系统设计

摘 要
随着信息技术的飞速发展以及人们生活水平的大幅度提高，人们对住宅的需求已从追求简单的生存空间向着追求质量、功能、服务等多重需求过渡。同时，随着人们的保护意识不断增强，防盗措施的紧迫性也逐渐被提上了日程，防盗报警系统应运而生。
本文设计了住宅智能化中的红外防盗报警系统。本系统以单片机89C51为核心，配以各种功能模块，来满足人们日常生活中的安全需求，本系统采用了热释电红外传感器，它的制作简单、成本低，安装比较方便，抗干扰力强、灵敏度高，而且安装较隐蔽，不易被发觉。该系统主要包括红外探测电路、LCD控制电路、声光报警电路及单片机控制电路等。自动检测功能由红外探测电路实现，当有盗贼穿过此装置时，红外传感器立即将检测到的信号经过信号处理后传送给主机电路，由主机来判断信号并驱动电路报警。报警功能由扬声器、蜂鸣器等发声装置实现，同时通过RS-485通信报警给小区警卫。本设计通过红外传感器探测人体红外线信号，从而达到报警的功能，满足了人们日常生活对防盗报警功能的需要。

关键词：防盗报警，红外探测，RS-485通信，声光报警
 

ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of communication technique and great improvement of people’s living standard, the need has been changed from only the living space to multiform needs of quality, function, service and so on. At the same time, as the increasing of protecting awareness, security measures have gradually been put on the agenda. Anti-theft alarm system came into being.
A kind of intelligent infrared anti-theft alarm system is designed for residential area. In order to meet the security needs of daily life, this system with various function modules cores with microcontroller 89C51. This system used Pyroelectric infrared sensor，it also has some advantages such as easy making, low cost, convenient installation, strong anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, and a more hidden installation and difficult to found. This system includes infrared detecting circuit, LCD control circuit, sound and light alarm circuit and MCU control circuit. Automatic detection can be completed by infrared detecting circuit. When theft is detected, the signal produced by infrared sensor will be transmitted to the signal processing module, and then this circuit sends the signal received to the main circuit which will judge it and drive the alarm module. Alarm function is realized by audible devices such as speaker, buzzer, etc., and it can be transmitted to sub-district guardhouse through RS-485 communications alerting. This system detects the infrared signal of human body by infrared sensor, so it has the alarming function. This system meets the need of anti-theft and alarm in people’s daily live.

KEY WORDS：anti-theft and alarm, infrared detecting, RS-485 communication, sound and light alarm

目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 防盗报警系统在国内外的发展 1
1.3 防盗报警器的发展前景与趋势 2
1.4 设计任务与要求 2
第2章 系统方案设计 3
2.1 系统总体设计思路 3
2.2 系统方案设计 3
2.3 传感器简介 4
2.3.1 热释电红外传感器简介 4
2.3.2 热释电红外传感器电路图 5
2.3.3 被动式热释电红外探头的工作原理及特性 6
2.4 51系列单片机的内部组成 6
2.4.1 89C51单片机的内部组成 7
2.4.2 89C51单片机引脚及功能 8
2.5 RS485接口 10
第3章 硬件设计 12
3.1 电源电路设计 12
3.2 热释电红外传感器原理 13
3.2.1 传感器选型 13
3.3 放大电路的设计 13
3.4 红外探测信号输入电路 14
3.5 键盘电路设计 17
3.6 时钟电路的设计 17
3.7 复位电路的设计 18
3.8 声光报警电路的设计 18
3.9 实时时钟电路 19
3.9.1 实时时钟芯片DS1302的结构及工作原理 19
3.9.2 引脚功能及结构 19
3.10 液晶显示模块设计 20
3.10.1 12864模块引脚说明 21
3.10.2 接口时序 22
3.11 RS-485 通信的设计 23
3.11.1 RS-485芯片选型 23
3.11.2 MAX485简介 23
3.11.3 MAX485电路设计 25
第4章 软件设计 28
4.1 软件的程序实现 28
4.2 主程序工作流程图 28
4.2 中断服务程序工作流程图 30
4.3 报警电路子程序流程图 31
4.4 显示电路子程序流程图 32
4.5 信号采集电路子程序流程图 32
第5章 结论与展望 34
致 谢 35
参考文献 36
附 录 37
附录1 硬件原理图 37
附录2 主要源程序代码 39