石煤提钒环保型新工艺研究.doc

石煤提钒环保型新工艺研究


摘  要

我国大多数石煤提钒厂都采用“钠化焙烧—水浸—酸沉粗钒—碱溶—偏钒酸铵沉钒”这一传统工艺流程。由于食盐作为钠化焙烧的添加剂，优于其他钠盐，而被广泛的应用。但是，由于其分解产生的氯气和氯化氢气体，严重影响生态平衡和生存环境[1]。研究一种环保型新工艺，是本次毕业设计试验的主要目的。
本文针对钠盐焙烧会产生有毒有害气体，而选用加氧化钙的办法进行氧化钙化焙烧，同时废水在系统内循环，达到无废水或只有少量废水排放的环保型新工艺。通过试验，得到下列结果：当石煤与氧化钙的比为100：8时，焙烧温度950℃，焙烧时间4h，浸出温度85℃，浸出时间3h，wt10%H2SO4介质，钒转浸率为50%～51%之间。全流程钒的总收率在44%～45%之间。

关键词  钙化焙烧，酸浸，萃取-反萃，沉钒

ABSTRACT

Most of our coal stone vanadium plant "Na-baking-flooding-acid crude vanadium-alkali - NH4VO3 Shen V" - EC process[2～3]. Because as a sodium salt of baking additives other than sodium, which were widely used. However, due to the decomposition of chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas, seriously affecting the ecological balance and survival of the environment. Research a new type of environmental technology, is the graduation of the main design goal.
This paper will produce sodium baking poisonous gases, and use of calcium oxide and calcium oxide approach to roasting, The wastewater recycling within the system to achieve no or only a small amount of wastewater effluent discharge new environmental protection technology. Through testing, results were as follows : When the stone coal and calcium oxide compared to the 100 : 8, the calcination temperature 950℃, 4 hours roasting time, leaching temperature is 85℃, leaching time 3h, wt10% H2SO4, vanadium Baptist transfer rate of 50% ~ 51% . The whole process of vanadium in the total yield of between 44% ~ 45%.

Key words  Roasting calcification,acid leaching ,extraction-stripping,Shen V

目   录

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

 1 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………1
   1.1 课题简介…………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 石煤提钒传统工艺的形成…………………………………………………………………1
 1.3 钙化焙烧工艺的特点………………………………………………………………………2
2 文献综述………………………………………………………………………………………3
2.1 课题背景…………………………………………………………………………………3
2.1.1历史概况………………………………………………………………………….……3
2.1.2 国内外生产概况………………………………………………………………………3
2.2 钒的应用与发展前景 ……………………………………………………………………4
  2.2.1 主要应用………………………………………………………………………………4
2.2.2 发展前景………………………………………………………………………………5
3 试验条件………………………………………………………………………………………6
    3.1 试验原材料………………………………………………………………………………6
3.2 试验设备…………………………………………………………………………………6
3.3 试验方案…………………………………………………………………………………6
3.3.1 目的……………………………………………………………………………………6
    3.3.2 研究方法和工艺路线…………………………………………………………………6
    3.3.3 试验条件………………………………………………………………………………7
3.4 试验原理…………………………………………………………………………………8
 4 试验结果与分析……………………………………………………………………………12
4.1 物料的物理与化学性质…………………………………………………………………12
4.2 焙烧………………………………………………………………………………………12
4.2.1 石灰添加量……………………………………………………………………………12
4.2.2 焙烧温度………………………………………………………………………………12
     4.4.3 焙烧时间………………………………………………………………………………13
4.3 浸出………………………………………………………………………………………13
4.3.1硫酸浓度对钒浸出率的影响…………………………………………………………13
4.3.2 浸出液固比对钒浸出率的影响………………………………………………………14
4.3.3 浸泡时间对钒浸出率的影响况……………………………………………………15
4.3.4 浸出温度对钒浸出率的影响………………………………………………………15
4.4 萃取与反萃……………………………………………………………………………15
 4.4.1 萃取pH……………………………………………………………………………15
 4.4.2 反萃剂的选择………………………………………………………….…………16
4.5 沉钒与煅烧……………………………………………………………………………16
4.6 问题与讨论……………………………………………………………………………17
结论……………………………………………………………………………………………18
 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………19
附录A：用到的公式………………………………………………………………………21
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………22