抽油机在机械采油设备应用论文.doc

抽油机在机械采油设备应用论文


摘  要
机械采油设备是油田的主要耗能设备，而机械采油设备中的抽油机占90%左右,因此抽油机能耗的高低对油田节能降耗影响甚大。针对目前抽油机存在平衡效果差，装机功率过高，效率低这一问题，设计一种游梁随动游梁平衡抽油机，以达到减小减速箱曲柄轴峰值扭矩，降低能耗，节约运行成本的目的，提高抽油机地面效率。
游梁随动平衡抽油机的设计特点是：在游梁上安装一个滑块,该滑块通过副连杆与抽油机的连杆相连,在游梁抽油机的后部加一个类似与变矩平衡装置的滑轨,在滑轨上安装平衡块。在游梁的末端安装一个支架上面放置滑轮，钢丝绳绕在滑轮上将滑块和平衡块相连。通过在下冲程过程中，调节力臂的大小，同时游梁上的平衡块上升，储存一定的位能，避免了对电动机做负功。在上冲程过程中，调节力臂的大小，同时将下冲程储存的位能释放，用来提升抽油杆和油柱。实现上下冲程运动的平衡。该设计结构简单，而且可靠性强。便于加工和维修。
本文对新型6型抽油机驴头悬点运动规律进行精确分析，通过悬点冲程长度，计算四连杆尺寸，并着重对减速箱曲柄轴扭矩进行计算，编写了相应的计算程序，将不同尺寸时四连杆机构得到的扭矩曲线进行比较，选择扭矩曲线比较平稳，峰值小且无负扭矩的一组作为设计参数，对主要零部件进行结构设计，力学分析计算及强度校核。

关键词：抽油机；新型结构；设计独特；扭矩曲线

 
Abstract
Machinery oilfield production equipment is the main energy-consuming equipment, machinery and equipment of oil pumping unit represented 90% Pumping energy therefore the level of energy consumption oilfield great impact. Pumping light of the present balance exists poor results, high power generators, low efficiency of this problem, the design of a beam with the dynamic balance beam pumps to reduce the crank shaft gear box peak torque, lower energy consumption, saving the purpose of operating costs, improve efficiency Pumping ground.
Balance beam pumping unit design features are : You beam installed a slider, Slide the stick through the pumping unit and the connecting rod connected, beam pumping unit in the rear plus a similar change with the moment balance device slide, slide block installed on balance. The beam at the end of the installation of a pulley, the pulley rope around the slider and the balance will be connected to the block. Through the course of the next stroke, regulating the size of the arm, while the balance beam You block up, a potential energy storage, the right to avoid negative electrical work done. Stroke in the process, regulating the size of the arm, while under-stroke stored potential energy release, rod and used to enhance oil column. Upper-stroke movement balance. The design of simple structure, and reliability. Facilitate the processing and maintenance.
For the new six-horse head pumping unit head movement for accurate analysis of the law, through the rod stroke length, the four-bar linkage estimated size, and stresses the right gear box crank shaft torque, the preparation of the corresponding computer program, right under four different sizes and link donkey head, box beam deceleration has been the weight of the torque curve, the choice of torque curve relatively stable, There is no small peak torque of a negative group as design parameters, the main components of the structural design, mechanical analysis and strength check.

Key  words : Pumping unit; New Structure; Unique design; Torque curve
 
目  录
第1章  绪　论 1
第2章  6型游梁随动平衡抽油机总体方案确定及基本理论 4
2.1 6型游梁随动平衡抽油机的结构方案的确定 4
2.2 6型游梁随动平衡抽油机运动分析 6
2.3 6型游梁随动平衡四杆机构尺寸计算 10
2.4 6型游梁随动平衡抽油机悬点载荷计算 11
2.5 6型游梁随动平衡抽油机减速箱及曲柄扭矩计算 22
2.6 新型6型抽油机减速箱的选择及电动机功率的计算方法 24
第3章  6型游梁随动平衡抽油机强度校核 27
3.1 6型游梁随动平衡抽油机所受外力 27
3.2 6型游梁随动平衡抽油机零件强度计算 28
第4章　6型游梁随动平衡抽油机与常规6型抽油机进行比较 32
4.1 扭矩曲线及计算结果 32
4.2 周期载荷系数CLF 33
结  论 34
参考文献 35
致  谢 36
附　录 37