稠油特征及开采方法研究.doc

稠油特征及开采方法研究


摘 要
我国的稠油储量大、分布广，产量占总产油量的比例较大，如何降低稠油的生产成本，提高经济效益，是油田走向国际市场的重要研究课题之一。其开采技术一直是石油界探索的问题。稠油在我国的石油资源中所占比例较大，其开采技术一直是石油界探索的问题。利用蒸汽吞吐方法可以降低原油粘度并通过高温清除粘土及沥青沉淀物，提高近井地带油层渗透率，焖井散热后开井采油。以往多采用笼统注蒸汽的注入方式，即同时对几个开发层系注汽。但是，由于各层系的地层压力、渗透率原油物性等存在差异，有时会使层间注汽量分配不合理，甚至出现某个层位的蒸汽带急剧推进，达不到预期的注汽效果。本文设计的分层配汽器的目的就是力求使注汽前沿均匀推进，避免出现舌进现象，合理分配注汽量，改善注汽效果。本文对分层配汽器的上接头、下接头、中心管、弹簧等部件进行了强度计算，经计算，各部件均能承受井下压力，以及蒸汽的高温环境。
关键词：稠油；蒸汽吞吐；分层配汽器
 
Abstract
China's heavy oil reserves, wide distribution, yield a larger percentage of the total oil production, how to reduce the heavy oil production costs, improve economic efficiency, is the oil to international markets, one of the important research topics. Mining technology has been the oil industry of its exploration.Heavy oil is in the larger proportion of China's oil resources, its mining technology has been the issue in the oil industry exploration.Using steam method can reduce the throughput of crude oil viscosity and high temperature through the removal of clay and asphalt sediments, improve reservoir near well zone penetration, open wells after rapid cooling. In the past using of the steam injection into a general way, that is, injecting into several layers of steam at the same time.However, due to changes of pressure and the permeaty in various floors of the formation , so sometimes distribution of injection  was unreasonable, and even a bit of steam with the rapid progress, can not expect the effect of steam injection .  the purpose of the design of the steam's is to make injection to the forefront  stable and  avoid the phenomenon of coning, and make injection  well-distribution to improve the effectiveness of steam injection.This paper layered with steam for the joints, under the joint, the center of that spring, and other parts of the intensity, through calculating, the components can withstand the pressure underground, as well as the high-temperature steam environment.

Key words：Heavy oil; Steam Stimulation;layered steam injector
目  录
第1章 概述 1
1.1 稠油的性质 1
1.2 国内外发展状况 2
1.3 我国稠油开采及世界开采新方法 3
第2章 稠油资源和稠油开采的几种方式及优缺点 9
2.1 稠油的定义及分类 9
2.2 世界稠油的资源量 9
2.3 稠油的开发方式及优缺点 10
第3章 蒸汽吞吐采油技术 13
3.1 蒸汽吞吐 13
3.2 蒸汽吞吐驱油机理 13
3.3 蒸汽吞吐优缺点 14
第4章 分层配汽器的设计与计算 15
4.2 上下接头的抗滑扣计算 18
4.3 中心管的壁厚计算 20
4.4 弹簧的设计要求 22
4.5 0胶圈及密封槽的选配 23
结 论 25
参考文献 26