轿车机械式变速器设计.rar

轿车机械式变速器设计


摘要

变速器用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速，目的是在原地起步，爬坡，转弯，加速等各种行驶工况下，使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度，同时使发动机在最有利工况范围内工作。变速器设有空挡和倒挡。需要时变速器还有动力输出功能。
因为变速箱在低档工作时作用有较大的力，所以一般变速箱的低档都布置靠近轴的后支承处，然后按照从低档到高档顺序布置各档位齿轮。这样做既能使轴有足够大的刚性，又能保证装配容易。变速箱整体结构刚性与轴和壳体的结构有关系。一般通过控制轴的长度即控制档数，来保证变速箱有足够的刚性。
本文设计研究了三轴式五挡手动变速器，对变速器的工作原理做了阐述，变速器的各挡齿轮和轴做了详细的设计计算，并进行了强度校核，对一些标准件进行了选型。变速器的传动方案设计。简单讲述了变速器中各部件材料的选择。
关键字：挡数；传动比；齿数；轴

Abstract

Transmission to change the engine reached on the driving wheel torque and speed, is aimed at marking start, climbing, turning, accelerate various driving conditions, the car was different traction and speed Meanwhile engine in the most favorable working conditions within the scope of the work. And the trans mission in neutral gear with reverse gear. Transmission also need power output function.
Gearbox because of the low-grade work at a larger role, In general, the low-grade gearbox layout are close to the axis after support, Following from low-grade to high-grade order of the layout of stalls gear. This will not only allow axis are large enough for a rigid, but also ensures easy assembly. Gear box overall structure and rigid axle and the shell structure of relations. Generally through the control shaft length control over several stalls to ensure that adequate gear box rigid.
This paper describes the design of three-axis five block manual trans mission, the transmission principle of work elaborated, Transmission of the gear shaft and do a detailed design, and the intensity of a school. For some standard parts for the selection. Transmission Trans mission program design. A brief description of the trans mission of all components of the material choice.
Keywords : block; Transmission ratio; Teeth; Axis

 
目录

前言 1
1 总体方案设计 3
1.1 汽车参数的选择 3
1.2 变速器设计应满足的基本要求 3
2 变速器传动机构布置方案 4
2.1 传动机构布置方案分析 4
2.1.1 固定轴式变速器 4
2.1.2 倒挡布置方案 5
2.1.3 其他问题 7
3 零部件结构方案分析 8
3.1 齿轮形式 8
3.2 换挡机构形式 8
3.3 变速器轴承 10
4变速器设计和计算 11
4.1 挡数 11
4.2 传动比范围 11
4.3 中心距A 11
4.4 外形尺寸 12
4.5 轴的直径 12
4.6 齿轮参数 12
4.6.1 模数的选取 12
4.6.2 压力角  13
4.6.3 螺旋角  13
4.6.4 齿宽b 14
4.6.5 变位系数的选择原则 15
4.7 各挡齿轮齿数的分配 16
4.7.1 确定一挡齿轮的齿数 16
4.7.2 对中心距进行修正 17
4.7.3 确定常啮合传动齿轮副的齿数 17
4.7.4 确定其他各挡的齿数 17
4.7.5 确定倒挡齿轮齿数 18
5 变速器的校核 19
5.1 齿轮的损坏形式 19
5.2 齿轮强度计算 19
5.2.1 齿轮弯曲强度计算 19
5.2.2 轮齿接触应力计算 21
5.2.3 轴的强度计算 23
6 同步器的选型 26
6.1 锁销式同步器 26
6.1.1 锁销式同步器结构 26
6.1.2 锁销式同步器工作原理 27
6.2 锁环式同步器 27
6.2.1 锁环式同步器结构 27
6.2.2 锁环式同步器工作原理 28
6.2.3 锁环式同步器主要尺寸的确定 29
7 变速器操纵机构 32
7.1 直接操纵手动换挡变速器 32
7.2 远距离操纵手动换挡变速器 32
8 结论 34
致谢 35
参考文献 36
附录A1译文 37
附录A2译文 41
附录B1外文文献 46
附录B2外文文献 51