基于单片机的水位测量计的设计.doc

基于单片机的水位测量计的设计【电子专业 毕业设计】

摘   要
随着计算机技术和现代通信技术的迅速发展，水位测量计已经从普通型对讲发展到智能化，而且水位测量计的功能日益趋向于完善，然而水位测量计的许多相关理论与技术仍在不断发展。
水位测量计是近年来开发的一项新技术，它是传感器、硬件、软件等几项技术紧密结合的产物，作为锅炉控制装置，其主要任务是保证水罐的安全、稳定、经济的运行，减轻工作人员的劳动强度。采用单片机，能对锅炉进行自动检测、自动控制等多项功能。由于我国水位测量操作水平落后，工作人员过多，但是现在水位测量计为水位控制开辟了广阔的前景。
    水位测量计，它的作用是观测和控制容器内的介质多少量，通过液面的高度来掌握体积的多少，从而达到防止超装和掌握存液数量的目的。对水位测量计研究，有利于满足人们日益增长的物质需求，通过将科学技术应用到水位控制上从而使得人们真正体会到科技的发展给自己的现实生活所带来的方便和舒适。

关键词：单片机   水位   传感器

Abstract：
Along with the computer technology and Modern Communication Technology's rapidly expand, the water level survey meter already to said from the popular type develops the intellectualization, moreover the water level survey meter's function tends to day by day the consummation, however water level survey meter's many correlation theories and the technology unceasingly were still developing.
The water level survey meter is a new technology which the recent years developed, it was the sensor, the hardware, the software and so on several technical close union product, as the boiler control installment, its primary mission was guaranteed that watering can's security, stable, economical movement, reduced staff's labor intensity. Uses the monolithic integrated circuit, can carry on the automatic detection, the automatic control to the boiler and so on many functions. Because our country water level survey operational level is backward, the staff are excessively many, but the present water level survey meter opened the broad prospect for the water monitor.
 The water level survey meter, its function is in the observation and the control vessel's medium are much few, grasps the volume highly through the liquid level how many, thus achieves prevents the ultra attire and grasps saves the fluid quantity the goal. To the water level survey meter research, is advantageous satisfies the material needs which the people grow day by day, through applies the science and technology in the water monitor, thus causes the people to realize truly the science and technology the development convenient which and the comfort brings for own real life.

Keywords:Monolithic integrated circuit    Water level    Sensor

目  录
1  引言 1
1.1 选题的目的意义 1
1.2 应解决的主要问题 1
1.3 国内外发展现状 1
2  设计方案的确定 3
3  硬件设计 5
3.1 传感器的选择 5
3.1.1 传感器的概述 5
3.1.2 传感器类别的选择 6
3.1.3 传感器型号的选择 8
3.2 A/D转换器的选择 11
3.2.1 A/D转换器的主要技术指标 11
3.2.2 A/D转换器的类别的选择 12
3.2.3 A/D转换器型号的选择 13
3.2.4 ADC0809芯片的引脚功能 15
3.3 单片机选择 19
3.3.1 单片机的简介 19
3.3.2 8051芯片引脚 20
3.3.3 存储器 22
3.4 复位电路和时钟电路的设计 24
3.4.1 复位电路设计 24
3.4.2 时钟电路选择 25
3.5 报警电路设计 26
3.6 控制电路的设计 27
3.7 键盘显示电路设计 27
3.7.1 键盘电路简介 27
3.7.2 键盘电路的分类 28
3.7.3 8155的结构与引脚 29
3.7.4 矩阵式键盘电路简介 30
3.8 显示电路设计 31
3.8.1 显示器件的选择 31
3.8.2 驱动芯片的选择 31
3.8.3 MC14499芯片简介 32
3.8.4 LED驱动芯片MC14499 34
3.9 集成稳压器电路 35
3.9.1 集成稳压器电路简介 35
3.9.2 W7805芯片简介 35
3.10 电源监控器件 36
4  软件设计 38
4.1 程序模块 38
4.2 程序流程图 38
4.2.1 主程序流程图 38
4.2.2 A/D0809转换程序流程 39
4.2.3 键盘扫描子程序 39
4.2.4 键盘显示子程序的设计 41
总结 42
参考文献 43
致    谢 44
附录A 45
附录B 46