集成lidar和高精遥感的小流域多尺信息提取研究.pdf

摘  要

    近几年来，资源三号卫星，无人机遥感等高精度测量手段在流域的监测一方面给流域基础数据的获取带来新的方向，同时也给流域水文过程模拟的发展带来新的突破，同时对水文尺度的研究也带来了新的机遇和挑战。长期以来，尺度问题一直是困扰水文学及地理学研究的热点及基础性问题。地理学中的空间尺度问题及水文学自身复杂的尺度问题一直都限制着水文学的发展。在水文模拟过程中，河流水系，土地利用覆盖数据以及DEM数据是水文过程产生的基础，对水文模拟过程有着重要的影响，本研究的目的则是探寻不同尺度的河流水系数据、LUCC数据以及DEM数据在水文模拟过程的不同影响。在总结和分析地理学及水文科学中尺度问题研究的尺度效应，尺度转换以及应用的基础上，本研究基于高精度激光雷达点云数据、资源三号卫星数据以及无人机遥感数据，获取多精度的河流水系、LUCC及DEM数据，基于SWAT水文建模进行流域多尺度水文模拟的对比分析，寻找多尺度数据在流域过程模拟的意义，试图为小流域山洪灾害寻求最佳的尺度信息。本研究期望将地理学的尺度应用与水文模型紧密结合，为全国山洪灾害防治项目提供基础信息最佳尺度选择的决策支持，提高小流域山洪灾害预报精度，减少损失。

关键词： 激光雷达DEM，尺度，LUCC，SWAT,山洪灾害分析

ABSTRACT

  In recent years, the resources satellite no. 3, high precision measurement means such as uav remote sensing in monitoring on the one hand, to bring new direction of watershed based data acquisition, but also bring new breakthrough to the development of watershed hydrological process simulation, the study of hydrological scale also brings new opportunities and challenges. Has always been a big problem for a long time, scale of hydrology and geography research hot spot and the fundamental problem. In the geography space scale and the scale of the hydrology own complex problems always limits the development of hydrology. In the process of hydrological simulation, river system, land use cover data and DEM data is the basis of hydrological processes, has an important impact on hydrology simulation process, the purpose of this study is to explore the different scales of river system data, LUCC data and DEM data in different influence of the hydrological process simulation. In summary and analysis of the geography and the effect of the scale of the problem of mesoscale hydrological science research, scale transformation and application, on the basis of this study is based on high precision laser radar point cloud data, three satellite data resources and unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) remote sensing data, to obtain more accuracy of river system, LUCC and DEM data, based on the multi-scale hydrological SWAT hydrological model for watershed simulation contrast analysis, looking for the meaning of the multi-scale data in the process of basin simulation, trying to seek the best for mountain flood disaster of small watershed scale information. This research expects the application of the scale of geography closely integrated with the hydrological model, mountain torrent disaster prevention and control program to provide basic information for the optimal scale selection decision support, improve the forecast accuracy of mountain torrent disaster of small watershed, reduce the loss. 

Key words: sediment；rigid vegetation；settling velocity；turb