基于ds18b20智能温度控制器设计.doc

摘  要
单片机是随着超大规模集成电路和半导体技术发展而诞生的，它具有体积小、功能强、性价比高、使用灵活等特点，因此单片机在智能化控制上如电子仪表、家用电器、节能装置、工业控制等诸多领域都有着广泛的应用前景。
本文主要介绍智能温度控制器的设计，运用模块化的设计思路，以单片机为主要的程序控制处理单元，将温度采集与处理、温度显示、超温或低温报警、加热或制冷等各单元模块设计成一智能温度控制系统。
此次设计重点对智能温度控制的硬件与软件进行了分项、模块化逐步分析设计。文章对89C51单片机的各引脚功能、温度传感器DS18B20的温度采集过程、1602字符型液晶显示器的显示原理以及蜂鸣器报警与继电器控制电路等部分进行阐述。同时绘制了系统电路原理图，通过软件仿真模拟调试实现了该系统的硬件电路，更重要的是将程序烧录在单片机中后，在实际的硬件环境中也得到了确切验证。根据硬件的设计和测控所要实现的功能，本次设计对软件也进行了模块化设计，通过对程序进行裁剪、修改、调试、仿真，最后形成了一套比较完善的程序系统，并可以通过软件修改来达到所要稳定的温度值。
此智能温度控制器设计完成后其温度测量控制范围为-55°C至+125°C，对于某一特定温度要求，当实际温度偏离此特定温度后蜂鸣器立即报警同时继电器采取开关闭合的方式控制加热或制冷设备来调节环境温度，从而达到温度智能控制的目的。
关键字: 单片机；温度传感器；液晶显示器；蜂鸣器；继电器

Abstract
MCU, with the VLSI and semiconductor technology development and birth, and it has a small, functional, cost-effective, flexible in use, etc., so MCU intelligent control such as electronic equipment, household appliances, energy-saving devices, industrial control, and many areas have broad application prospects.
This paper describes the design of intelligent temperature controller, using a modular design concept, the main program control to microcontroller processing unit, the temperature acquisition and processing, temperature, over-temperature or low temperature alarm, heating or cooling modules and other design elements into an intelligent temperature control system.
The design focuses on the intelligent temperature control of the hardware and software sub-item, step by step analysis of modular design. Article on the various pin functions 89C51 microcontroller, temperature sensor the temperature of the acquisition process DS18B20, 1602 Principles of character LCD display and buzzer alarm and relay control circuit section to elaborate. At the same time drawing the circuit diagram of the system, achieved through software simulation to debug the hardware circuit of the system is more important is the program in the MCU after the burn, in the actual hardware environment has also been exactly verified. According to the hardware design, and monitoring functions to be achieved, this design also conducted a modular software design, cutting through the procedures, modify, debug, simulation, and finally formed a relatively complete system of procedures and can be adopted by software to be modified to achieve a stable temperature.
This intelligent temperature controller complete control of its temperature measurement range is -55 ° C to +125 ° C, for a specific temperature requirements, when the actual temperature deviation from this specific temperature immediately after the buzzer to take alarm at the same time switch relay closure way of controlling heating or cooling equipment to regulate temperature, so as to achieve temperature smart control.
Keywords: microcontroller; temperature sensor; liquid crystal display; buzzer

目  录

1 绪论 1
2 主要芯片和器件介绍 2
2.1 微处理器MCS-51介绍 2
2.1.1 MCS-51单片机内部结构 2
2.1.2 MCS-51单片机外部结构 4
2.2单片机最小应用系统 5
2.3数字温度传感器 DS18B20介绍 6
2.3.1 DS18B20 性能特点 6
2.3.2 DS18B20 内部结构 6
2.3.3 DS18B20 控制方法 7
2.3.4 DS18B20 的通信协议 8
2.4 1602LCD 显示原理介绍 8
2.4.1液晶介绍 8
2.4.2字符型LCD简介 9
2.4.3 显示的原理 9
2.4.4 1602 型 LCD 的主要技术参数 10
2.4.5 1602 型 LCD 显示字符的过程 11
2.4.6 1602 型 LCD 的读写操作 11
3 智能温控主要单元电路 12
3.1 温度采集单元电路 12
3.2 1602LCD显示单元电路 12
3.3 加热/制冷单元电路 12
3.4 超温报警单元电路 13
4 系统硬件电路设计 14
4.1 智能温度控制器工作原理 14
4.2 智能温度控制器电路图 14
5 系统软件设计 15
5.1程序的整体流程图 15
5.2 源程序清单 15
6 小结 29
致谢 30
参考文献 31