基于单片机的智能压力检测系统的设计.doc

基于单片机的智能压力检测系统的设计


摘要
压力是工业生产过程中的重要参数之一。压力的检测或控制是保证生产和设备安全运行必不可少的条件。实现智能化压力检测系统对工业过程的控制具有非常重要的意义。本设计主要通过单片机及专用芯片对传感器所测得的模拟信号进行处理,使其完成智能化功能。介绍了智能压力传感器外围电路的硬件设计,并根据硬件进行了软件编程。
本次设计是基于AT89C51单片机的测量与显示。是通过压力传感器将压力转换成电信号，再经过运算放大器进行信号放大，送至8位A／D转换器，然后将模拟信号转换成单片机可以识别的数字信号，再经单片机转换成LED显示器可以识别的信息，最后显示输出。而在显示的过程中通过键盘，向计算机系统输入各种数据和命令，让单片机系统处于预定的功能状态，显示需要的值。
本设计的最终结果是，将软件下载到硬件上调试出来了需要显示的数据，当输入的模拟信号发生变化的时候，通过A/D转换后，LED将显示不同的数值。

关键词: 压力；AT89C51单片机；压力传感器；A/D转换器；LED显示；
 
Design of pressure detecting system based on single-chip
Abstract
Pressure is one of the important parameters in the process of industrial production. Pressure detection or control is an essential condition to ensure production and the equipment to safely operating, which is of great significance. The single-chip is infiltrating into all fields of our lives, so it is very difficult to find the area in which there is no traces of single-chip microcomputer. In this graduation design, primarily through by using single-chip and dedicated chip, handling of analog signal measured by the sensor to complete intelligent function. This design illustrates external hardware circuit design of intelligent pressure sensor, and conduct software development to the hardware.
The design is based on measurement and display of AT89C51 single-chip. This
is the pressure sensors will convert the pressure into electrical signals. After using operational amplifier, the signal is amplified, and transferred to the 8-bit A/D converter. Then the analog signal is converted into digital signals which can be identified by single-chip and then converted by single-chip into the information which can be displayed on LED monitor, and finally display output. In the course of show, through the keyboard to input all kinds of data and commands into the computer, the single-chip will locate in a predetermined function step to display required values.
The end result of this design is that by downloading software to the hardware, it will get the data which is required to display by debugging. When the input analog signals change, the LED monitor will display different values through the A/D converting.

Key words: pressure; AT89C51 single-chip; pressure sensor; A/D converter; LED monitor;

目录
摘要.............................................................................................................................................I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………..II
第一章 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………...1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 基于单片机的智能压力检测的原理 2
1.2.1 压力的概念 2
1.2.2 测量压力的意义 3
第二章  基于单片机的智能压力检测系统的硬件设计…………………………………….4
2.1 压力传感器 4
2.1.1 压力传感器的选择 4
2.1.2金属电阻应变片的工作原理 4
2.1.3　电阻应变片的基本结构 6
2.1.4 电阻应变片的测量电路 6
2.2 信号放大电路 8
2.1.2 放大器的选择 8
2.2.4 三运放大电路 9
2.3 A/D转换器 10
2.3.1 A/D转换模块器件选择 10
2.3.2 A/D转换器的简介 10
2.3.3 配置位说明 11
2.3.4 ADC0832工作时序图 12
2.3.3 单片机对ADC0832的控制原理 13
2.4 单片机 14
2.4.1 AT89C51单片机简介 14
2.4.2主要特性…. 15
2.4.3 管脚说明 15
2.4.5 芯片擦除 17
2.5 单片机于键盘的接口技术 18
2.5.1 键盘功能及结构概述 18
2.5.2 键盘抖动及去除 18
2.5.3 单片机与键盘的连接 19
2.6  LED显示接口 21
2.6.1发光二极管及LED显示器 21
2.6.2七段数码显示器 22
2.6.3 LED数码管静态显示接口 24
第三章 软件设计…………………………………………………………………………….26
3.1 A/D转换器的软件设计 26
3.1.1 ADC0832芯片接口程序的编写 26
3.2 单片机与键盘的接口程序设计 27
3.4 LED数码管显示程序设计 28
第四章 总结………………………………………………………………………………….30
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………...31
附录A………………………………………………………………………………………...32
附录B…………………………………………………………………………………………33
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………...38