电阻炉温度控制系统.doc

电阻炉温度控制系统

摘　　要
尽管科学在日新月异的飞速发展，控制手段也在不断的向前进步，智能化、集成度、开放性、可靠度越来越高，目前常用的控制方式有PLC、DCS系统、现场总线控制系统、开放式控制系统等，它们的功能越来越强大、性能越来越完善，比如说控制精度、抗干扰能力、防爆性等都有了很大的提高，但是各种控制方式最基本的思想是一致的。
本文研究的主要问题是实验室常用的管式电阻炉的温度控制，要实现对电阻炉的温度控制，就需了解这一被控对象的特性，因此又介绍了电阻炉温度特性测试实验的整个过程、测试方案及其处理方法。然后针对电阻炉的特点，利用实验室现有的设备，提出了利用DDZ-III型仪表组合成一套单闭环负反馈的控制系统，通过调节PID调节器的比例系数Kp、积分系数Ki和微分系数Kd来实现对电阻炉温度的控制。这种方法简单、易操作，最主要的是：利用实验室现有的设备去掌握设计一个控制系统所要做的工作，更深刻的理解设计控制系统的思想，为以后的学习、工作打下了坚实的基础。

关键词：温度特性测试；电阻炉；温度控制系统；PID调节器的参数整定；单元组合仪表

 
The Resistance Furnace Temperature Control System
Abstract
Although the science is changing with each new day the rapid development, the control method in the unceasing forward progress, the intellectualization, integration rate openness, the margin of safety more and more is also high, at present the commonly used control mode has PLC, the DCS system, the field bus control system, the open style control system and so on, their function is more and more formidable, the performance more and more consummates, for instance said the control precision, antijamming ability, the explosion-proof and so on all had the very big enhancement, but each kind of control mode most basic thought is consistent.
This article studies the main question is the laboratory commonly used tubular resistance furnace temperature control, must realize to the resistance furnace temperature control, must understand this accusation object the characteristic, therefore also introduced the resistance furnace temperature characteristic test experiment entire process, the test plan and the processing method. Then in view of the resistance furnace characteristic, uses the laboratory existing equipment, proposed synthesizes a set of single closed loop negative feedback using the DDZ-III instrument unit the control system, through adjusts PID the regulator scale-up factor Kp, integral coefficient Ki and differential coefficient Kd realizes to the resistance furnace temperature control. This method simple, easy to operate, most main is: Grasps using the laboratory existing equipment designs the work which a control system must do, the more profound understanding design control system thought, for later study, the work has provided the very big help.

Key Words：Temperature characteristic test；Resistance furnace ；Temperature control system；PID regulator parameter installation；Unit combination measuring appliance
 
目　　录
摘　　要 I
Abstract II
第一章   概述 1
1.1工业炉的概述 1
1.2 电阻炉温度控制系统的发展及应用 2
第二章：电阻炉温度特性测试 3
2.1 实验说明 3
2.2电阻炉温度特性实验测试 4
2.3 实验数据处理 5
2.4 实验小结 12
第三章  电阻炉温度控制系统 13
3.1炉温控制的基本原理 13
3.1.1 各设备的工作原理及其用途 14
3.2仪表的选型 20
3.3控制系统的接线端子图 22
第四章　PID调节器及其参数的整定 22
4.1 P、I、D各运算规律的作用 23
4.1.1 比例（P）控制规律 23
4.1.2积分（I）控制规律 23
4.1.3   微分（D）控制规律 24
4.2 DDZ-III型调节器PID控制规律的实现 26
4.3 PID调节器的参数整定方法 26
4.4 本设计中PID调节器参数的整定结果 29
结束语 30
参 考 文 献 31