电阻炉温度控制系统.doc

电阻炉温度控制系统

摘  要
自本世纪30年代以来,自动化技术取得了惊人的成就,在工业生产和科学发展中起着关键的作用。自动控制理论经过了几十年的完善，控制系统的发展也经历了从简单形式到复杂形式，从局部自动化到全局自动化，从低级智能到高级智能的发展过程，这期间的几个变更都促使了生产力的极大飞跃。
本文介绍了管式电阻炉温度控制系统的设计过程。该过程主要由三部分组成：要设计电阻炉的温度控制系统，首先要了解这一被控对象的温度特性。文中第一部分便介绍了电阻炉温度特性测试实验。然后针对电阻炉的温度特性及实验室现有条件提出了利用电动组合仪表（DDZ-III型）仪表组成一套单闭环负反馈系统的控制方案，这就是组成了电阻炉温度控制系统。这在论文的第三部分讲到。论文的第二部分讲述PID控制技术，其中涉及到PID控制的原理和特点及PID的实现和参数确定等问题。
本次设计的温度控制系统的被测对象是实验室中常见的管式电阻炉，被控参数是电阻炉的炉内温度。热电偶作为测温元件来检测炉内温度，控制系统由热电偶温度变送器、常规的PID调节器及角行程的电动执行器等DDZ-Ⅲ型仪表组成。这里之所以采用常规的PID控制，一是因为该方法理论成熟、操作简单、容易掌握、稳态响应特性好，对特性参数不确定的系统特别适用。再有就是要受实验室现有条件的限制，对于这个精度要求不高的电阻炉温度控制系统，这套设备完全可以实现预定的控制目的。
关键词：管式电阻炉；自动化仪表；温度特性；控制系统
 
Resistance furnace temperature control system
Abstract
Since this century 30's, the automated technology has obtained astonishing achievement let is playing the key role in the industrial production and the science development. The automatic control theory passed through several dozens years consummation, the control system development has also experienced has conformed to simplicity the single form to the complex form, from the partial automation to the overall situation automation, from the preliminary intelligence to the high-level intelligent developing process, this period several changes has all urged the productive forces enormous leap
This article introduced the tubular resistance furnace temperature control system design process. This process mainly is composed by three parts: Must design the resistance furnace the temperature control system, first must understand this is controlled the object the temperature characteristic. In the article the first part then introduced the resistance furnace temperature characteristic test experiment. Then proposed in view of the resistance furnace temperature characteristic and the laboratory existing condition the use electrically operated combination measuring appliance (DDZ-III) the measuring appliance composes a set of single closed loops negative feedbacks system the control plan, has composed the resistance furnace temperature control system. This talks about in the paper third part. The paper second part narrates the PID control technology, in which involves to the PID control principle and the characteristic and the PID realization and the parameter firmly grades the question
This design temperature control system was measured the object is in the laboratory the common tubular resistance furnace, is controlled the parameter is in the resistance furnace stove the temperature. The thermo-element examines in the stove as the temperature element the temperature, the control system changes by the thermo-element temperature, the conventional PID regulator and the angle travelling schedule electrically operated execution the DDZ- III measuring appliance and so on delivering is composed. Here therefore uses conventional the PID control, one is because this method theory mature, the operation simple, is easy to grasp, the stable state response characteristic is good, specially is suitable to the characteristic parameter indefinite system. Again has is must receive the laboratory existing condition the limit, regarding this precision request not high resistance furnace temperature control system, this set of equipment is enough.
Keywords:   Tubular resistance furnace ；Automated measuring appliance；
Temperature characteristic ；Control system
                                                   
目  录
摘  要 I
Abstract II
第一章  引  言 3
1.1 研究背景 3
1.2 论文结构 4
第二章  总体设计概述 5
2.1总体设计概述 5
2.2 设计内容及要求 6
2.3 总体设计框图 6
第三章 电阻炉温度特性测试实验 8
3.1 实验设备简介 8
3.1.1 电阻炉 8
3.1.2热电偶 8
3.1.3 热电偶温度变送器 10
3.1.4 纪录仪 13
3.1.5 24V标准电源 13
3.1.6 调压变压器 13
3.1.7 PID调节器 13
3.1.8 饲服放大器，D型操作器，电动执行器 14
3.2 电阻炉温度特性测试实验 17
3.3 实验数据分析 19
第四章  PID控制 27
4.1  PID控制概述 27
4.2  PID控制的实现 29
4.3  PID控制器的参数整定 31
第五章 电阻炉温度控制系统 34
5.1 电阻炉温度控制系统的发展与应用 34
5.2 单回路反馈控制系统 35
5.3 控制系统框图 39
第六章  设计总结 40
参考文献 41
附  录 42
致  谢 43