基于单片机的远程温度测量系统设计.doc

摘　要
近年来，由于单片机具有价格低、体积小、重量轻、灵活性强等特点，得到越来越广泛的应用。51系列单片机由于具有较强的抗干扰能力、开发应用方便等特点，已成为单片机领域的实际标准，在中小型应用场合都很常见。但由于单片机在计算能力、存储容量方面的限制，因此在进行复杂的数据处理时一般采用单片机作为数据采集的前沿机，高性能PC机作为主机对系统的智能前沿机进行管理和控制。串行通信是一种常用的数据传输方式，虽然它的传输速度慢，但因其占用的通信线路少、成本低，在PC冗余控制和分布式测控系统中，主要还是采用串行通信方式进行数据传输。
目前，串行通信程序的开发，在Windows操作系统下一般采用VB、VC、Delphi等编写，当用VB、VC开发串行通信程序时，开发人员不得不面对非常繁琐的API函数编程。由于Delphi包含功能丰富的VCL库，而且封装了大量的Windows API 函数，因而是开发串行通信的首选工具,本毕业设计就是用汇编对温度进行采集处理，并用Delphi作为数据接收系统进行数据传输的系统.
关键词：Delphi , 单片机, 串行通信, 数据采集

Abstract
      In recent years, SCM with low prices, small size, light weight, flexibility, and other characteristics, be more widely used. Because 51 SCM has a stronger anti-interference capabilities, facilitate the development and application of the characteristics of the area，it has become the actual standard SCM, in small and medium-sized applications can be seen everywhere. However, due to SCM in computing power, storage capacity constraints, the data-processing complex in general when using SCM as the leading edge of data acquisition, high-performance PC as a host to the forefront of the intelligent management and Control. Serial Communication is a common method of data transmission, although it's slow transmission speed, but because of the use of communication lines small, low-cost, redundant control and the PC Distributed Control System, the main means of communication or the use of a serial Data transmission.
   At present, the serial communication procedures for the development of the Windows operating system under the general VB, VC, Delphi, and so prepared, when using VB, VC serial communication development process, developers have to face a very complicated API function programming. As Delphi VCL includes the feature-rich, and Packaging, a large number of Windows API function, which is to develop serial communication tool of choice, graduated from the design of this compilation is to use the temperature acquisition and processing, serial transmission and development of the data with Delphi Receiving system for data collection shows that the transmission loop system.
Key words: Delphi, SCM, Serial Communications, Data Acquisition

目  录
1  前　言 1
2  系统总体设计 1
2.1  硬件电路原理图 2
2.2  软件设计方案 3
2.3仿真结果 3
3  单片机基础知识 7
3.1  单片机简介 7
3.2  AT89C51简介 7
3.3  AT89C51单片机内部的组成结构图 7
3.4 主要特性 8
3.5 管脚说明 9
3.6振荡器特性 11
3.7芯片擦除 11
3.8串口通讯 11
3.9  单片机的一般应用 15
4其他主要芯片及器件 17
4.1 RS232C通信接口 17
4.1.1电气特性 19
4.1.2连接器的机械特性 20
4.2 MAX232芯片 21
4.3  TLC0831 AD转换芯片 24
4.4  74LS04反相器 25
4.5 编/解码芯片 HX2262/2272 26
5  系统软件设计 27
5.1  主程序方案 27
5.1.1下位机主程序设计方案 27
5.1.2上位机主程序设计方案 28
5.2  系统流程 28
5.2.1下位机系统流程图 28
5.2.2上位机系统流程图 29
5.3  各模块子程序设计 31
5.3.1下位机汇编程序设计 31
5.3.2上位机Delphi语言程序设计 33
6  系统仿真PROTEUS和编译KEILC软件 38
6.1  PROTEUS ISIS仿真系统基本知识 39
6.1.1  系统概述 39
6.1.2  进入Proteus ISIS 40
6.1.3  Proteus工作界面及窗口说明 40
6.1.4 Proteus绘图流程举例 42
6.2  KEIL CX51软件的使用 43
6.2.1  创建项目 43
6.2.2  为项目新建文件 45
6.2.3  生成.HEX文件 45
7 硬件制作与调试 46
7.1 焊接与烧录 46
7.2电路调试 48
7.3 调试结果 49
8 总  结 50
 致 谢 52
 参考文献 53