毕业设计 轻型客车变速器设计.doc

毕业设计 轻型客车变速器设计

中文摘要

 
商用车作为汽车家族的主要成员，

 
近年来，以其前所未有的发展势头，成为客运、货运用车的主力军。轻型客车作

 
为一种常用商用车型，为我们的日常生活带来了许多方便。

 
变速器是汽车传动系统中一个比较关键的部件，它设计的好坏直接影响到汽

 
车的实际使用性能。

 
大部分——设计部分和工艺部分。

 
设计部分叙述了轻型汽车手动机械变速器的功用、要求，比对了变速器各种

 
结构方案，说明了变速器主要参数的确定方法、齿轮的几何计算和校核过程、轴

 
的尺寸确定和校核过程、轴承等标准零件的选用方法和同步器的选用方法。同时

 
分析设计了与之相适应的操纵机构，最后给变速器壳体的设计方案图纸。计算过

 
程采用MATLAB编程来进行，主要包括齿轮强度校核程序，轴的强度校核程序和轴

 
的刚度校核程序。主要电算程序和计算结果将另附一册进行详细说明。

 
机械加工工艺是实现产品设计，组织生产，加工操作，保证产品质量的重要

 
依据技术保证。本文的工艺部分主要对典型零件的工艺过程进行了分析，包括轴

 
类零件、齿轮类零件、壳体类零件、叉类零件及其他类零件，并选取有代表性的

 
零件，确定了各类零件的材料，制定了工艺过程卡片。另外，对装配过程也给出

 
了详细的说明。

 
关键词

 
手动变速器 齿轮 轴 同步器 壳体 工艺 MATLAB 

 

 

 
Title 
The transmission design for the light-duty coach

 
Abstract

 
As a main kind of modern automotive vehicle, the commercial vehicle is playing an
 
important role in transportation which can not be placed by others nowadays. In resent
 
years, the commercial vehicle is widely used for freight and passenger transportation.

 
As a common type of commercial car, the light-duty coach makes our living more
 
convenient. The transmission is a key component in the driveline of an automotive
 
vehicle. This paper, which mainly consists of two parts—the part design and the
 
machining, introduces how the manual transmission for light-duty coach is designed

 
and produced.
 
The first part introduces the function of the transmission and the demand. By
 
comparing some kinds of alinements, the paper made an optimization. The paper also
 
introduces how to choose the main parameters of transmission, the gears, the shafts, the

 
synchronizers etc. The paper gives some MATLAB programs to check the gears and
 
shafts in order to ensure that transmission is safe enough when it is working. The main
 
program of the calculation and the result will be explained in details in another
 
appendix. What is more, a brief introduction to the design of shift mechanics and the

 
drawings is given.
 
The second part introduces the processing of machining. Machining is an important
 
guarantee and proof for succeed of product design, manufacturing, processing
 
operation and high quality. This part mainly analyzes the machining processing of

 
typical components, such as shafts, gears, shells, picks and so on. It also takes some of
 
the typical components as examples to show how to make a choice of the materials for
 
varies of components and makes the flowchart for the processing. Finally, the assembly
 
process will be explained in details.
 
Keywords

 
Manual transmission Gear 
Shaft 
Synchronizer Housing 
Machining 
MATLAB 

 

 

 
目录

 
1

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

6
 
绪论................................................................1

1.1 毕业设计任务及要求.............................................1

1.2 变速器的功用和设计要求.............................................................................................. 1

变速器结构方案的选择................................................3

2.1 两轴式变速器和中间轴式变速器................................................................................ 3

2.2 齿轮的安排......................................................................................................................... 4

2.3 换挡结构形式.................................................................................................................... 6

2.4 倒挡的结构方案及倒挡的位置..................................................................................... 8

变速器主要参数的选择...............................................10

3.1 变速器挡数及各挡传动比.............................................................................................10

3.2 中心距A..............................................................................................................................10

3.3 外形尺寸.............................................................................................................................11

变速器齿轮参数的确定...............................................12

4.1 模数......................................................................................................................................12

4.2 压力角.................................................................................................................................12

4.3 螺旋角.................................................................................................................................12

4.4 齿宽......................................................................................................................................13

4.5 各挡齿轮齿数的分配......................................................................................................13

同步器的设计计算...................................................18

变速器结构元件.....................................................21

6.1 齿轮......................................................................................................................................21

6.2 轴及相关零件...................................................................................................................21 

 

 

 
6.3 
变速器壳体....................................................23

 
7

 

 

8

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

致
 
零件的校核.........................................................24

7.1 齿轮的校核....................................................24

7.2 轴的校核......................................................26

变速器操纵机构.....................................................30

工艺分析...........................................................31

9.1 壳体加工工艺...................................................................................................................31

9.2 拨叉加工工艺...................................................................................................................31

9.3 齿轮加工工艺...................................................................................................................32

9.4 轴的加工工艺...................................................................................................................33

9.5 工序尺寸链计算...............................................................................................................34

9.6 变速器总成的装配..........................................................................................................36

9.7 装配尺寸链计算...............................................................................................................36

英文翻译..........................................................39

谢................................................................51

参考文献...........................................................52

 
附  录...............................................................53