基于plc的混凝土搅拌站控制及监控程序设计.doc

基于PLC的混凝土搅拌站控制及监控程序设计

摘要：混凝土搅拌站是随着水泥的诞生而产生和发展的。它是建筑、桥梁、道路、大坝等工程施工中的必备设备，它由贮料、配料、搅拌、放料等结构部件组成，是一个受多环节制约的复杂系统。而随着我国经济建设的高速发展，综合国力不断增强，国家对基础设施建设的投资力度加大，拉动了城市商品混凝土的高速发展，同时，使混凝土搅拌站有了较大的发展空间，最初搅拌站仅以单机的形式出现，混凝土自拌自用，随着基础设施建设大规模的开展，产生了很大的商品混凝土市场，搅拌站的需求越来越大，计量要求越来越高，于是出现了各种不同形式带有计量装置的搅拌站，从而产生了现代的混凝土搅拌站。
常见的混凝土搅拌站控制方式有继电器直接控制、PLC和计算机结合以及PLC和配料控制器结合3种控制方式。采用PLC和配料控制器结合控制的搅拌站性能可靠、性价比高，可以保证混凝土的质量，提高混凝土生产效率。作为混凝土搅拌站的核心，控制及监控程序在计量精确、控制可靠、管理方便等方面的要求也日益提高。
本文针对PLC和配料控制器结合控制的搅拌站来设计其控制及监控程序设计中主要要完成的任务有系统构造、PLC的I/O分配、工作流程图及PLC程序的编写。

关键词:混凝土搅拌站；I/O分配；可编程控制器（PLC）；自动控制

The designing of the controlling and monitoring program for concrete mixing stations which based on PLC
Student:LI Cheng-hai   Teacher:QIN Yan-zhi
Abstract:Concrete mixing stations were producted and developed with the birth of cement. It is the construction of the necessary equipment for buildings, bridges, roads, dams and other projects.It’sconstructed from storage materials, ingredients, stirring, discharge, and other structural components,and it is a subject to the constraints of the complex multi-link system. As China's economic construction and the rapid development, Comprehensive national strength constantly enhance the state's infrastructure construction investment increased to boost the city's rapid development of ready-mixed concrete, so that the concrete mixing stations have larger space for development, the initial Mixing station only in the form of stand-alone, self-mix concrete-occupied, with the construction of infrastructure facilities for large-scale, a lot of ready-mixed concrete market was  developed, the demand for  mixing stations are larger and larger, and measures are increasingly demanded, so the mixing stations with various forms of measurement devices were developed, thereby the modern concrete mixing station was created.
Common concrete mixing stations control ways may be the three kinds:  Relay direct control, PLC and computer combination of ingredients and the PLC and controller combination.But PLC controller and a combination of ingredients control of the mixing station is reliable, cost-effective and can ensure the quality of concrete, increase the production efficiency. As the core of concrete mixing stations, The controlling and monitoring program in the measurement precise, reliable control, easy management and other aspects is increasingly demanded.
     This paper for PLC and the combination of ingredients controller to control the mixing station will design  its controlling  and monitoring program . In the main text I must complet a systematic structure, the I / O distribution of PLC  and prepar the work flow chart and PLC program.
Key words:concrete mixing station; the I / O distribut- ion;programmable logic controller(PLC); automatic control

目录
1  绪 论 1
1.1 选题背景及意义 1
1.2 混凝土搅拌机的现状及国内市场分析[1][2] 1
1.3 本论文的主要工作 2
1.3.1混凝土搅拌站系统硬件设计 2
1.3.2混凝土搅拌站系统软件设计 2
1.3.3 程序的调试 3
2  混凝土搅拌站概述 4
2.1 混凝土搅拌站的组成 4
2.2 电控系统的构成 5
2.3 传感器的选择 8
2.4 小结 9
3  混凝土搅拌站控制系统设计 9
3.1 控制系统设计的基本原则及步骤[17] 9
3.2 可编程控制器综述及其选用[16] 10
3.2.1 可编程控制器的特点 11
3.2.2  PLC的工作原理[15][16] 12
3.2.3 可编程控制器的选用及组态软件选择 14
3.2.3.1 可编程控制器的选用 14
3.2.3.2 组态软件选择 16
3.3 混凝土搅拌站PLC程序设计 17
3.3.1 混凝土搅拌站PLC程序设计思想 17
3.3.2 混凝土搅拌装置的工艺流程 18
3.3.3 系统初始化程序及主程序设计 18
3.3.4 报警电路的设计 21
3.3.5 断电保护程序设计 21
3.3.6 I/O分配表和模拟量输入地址 22
3.3.7位存储区（M）的使用概况 24
3.4 小结 25
4  程序调试 26
4.1仿真调试的准备工作 26
4.2.1 系统初始化程序及主程序调试 28
4.2.2 报警程序的调试 29
4.2.3 模拟量处理 30
4.3 小结 31
5  结论与展望 32
致谢 33
参考文献 34
附录 35
附录1 主程序梯形图 35
附录2 报警子程序梯形图 44