车辆工程毕业设计—城市客车总布置设计之驾驶区设计.rar

车辆工程毕业设计—城市客车总布置设计之驾驶区设计

摘 要

本论文题目为《城市客车总布置设计》。通过课题所给定的底盘，最终确定该车为大型中级市区城市客车。此车长10.45m，宽2.50m，高3.27m，主要用于市内的短途客运。车内布置合理，共有39个乘客座且车内空间宽敞，满足营运商较大载客量的要求。车身整体造型以简约、流畅的线条勾勒，富有时代感的欧洲造型风格和含蓄、富有中国人文底蕴的文化相结合，给乘客带来耳目一新的视觉享受。全金属车身蒙皮，前后围整体成型工艺，有效提高了车身蒙皮的刚度及强度，刚性好，重量轻。此车的总重量为9152kg，相比同类型车总重（10吨左右），车重较轻。国III排放标准，降低空气污染，充分满足客管部门的要求。客车前后均为钢板弹簧+双向作用同时减震器，有效降低悬架噪声，乘坐舒适性高。驾驶区按照人机工程学布置，有效地降低驾驶员的工作强度，降低长时间驾驶的疲劳感，保障车辆行驶的安全性。本论文还介绍了此城市客车的设计目的，主要结构特点并进行相关的动力性和经济性计算以检验设计的合理性。

关键词： 城市客车,整车设计,结构特点,技术参数   

 
ABSTRACT

This paper entitled General Layout Design of a city bus. On the basis of the chassis given by the subject，the car finally identified for large Middle-level city buses. The length of the bus is10.45m, the width is 2.50m, the height is3.27m .It is mainly used for short-distance transport of passengers in cities. The car is reasonably arranged, a total of 39 passenger seats and the spacious interior, Which meets the requirements of the bus operators who demand for large capacitye.The overall shape of the bus is worked out by simple, smooth lines,combinating the European style which has rich sense of the times with the rich culture of China which has humanities details. It brings a new perspective feeling to the passengers. It uses technology of body skin with all metal and the front and the rear for integral type.As a result,The strength and stiffness of the body skin of the bus are improved efeectively.The total weight of the bus is 9152kg.It is lighter compared with the other buses which almost are 10000kg.It meets the State III emission standard.So it can reduce the air pollution and fully meet the requirements of the bus management.Because it uses leaf spring suspension and two-way shock absorber, the noise of suspension can be reduced.High comfort is acquired. Driving Area is arranged in accordance with ergonomics .it effectively reduces the work intensity of the driver,reduces the fatigue of driving for a long time and makes the bus keep safe .In this paper,the purpose of design,the main structural features are introducted.，and computing the power and economy of the engine to test weather thedesign is reasonable.

KEY WORDS:  city bus,Vehicle design,structural features,technical parameters

 
目 录

第一章  绪论 1
1.1.国外大型客车行业技术现状 1
1.2.国外城市客车技术发展新趋势 3
1.3.我国城市客车现状 6
1.4.我国城市公交的发展趋势 7
第二章  设计原则及设计依据 11
2.1.设计原则 11
2.2.设计依据 11
第三章  总布置设计 13
3.1.车型、车身总体尺寸及车身结构确定 13
3.1.1.车型的确定 13
3.1.2.车身总体尺寸的确定 13
3.1.3.车身结构的确定 13
3.2.客车车内尺寸的确定 14
3.2.1.驾驶区尺寸的确定 14
3.2.2.乘客区尺寸的确定 17
3.3.主要总成结构型式及主要技术参数 18
3.3.1.底盘主要总成结构和性能要求 18
3.3.2.车身主要总成型式和性能要求 20
3.4．空调、暖风机、发动机的选取依据 22
3.4.1.空调的选取 22
3.4.2.暖风机的选取 22
3.4.3.发动机型号的选取 22
第四章  整车性能计算 24
4.1.整车整备质量、满载质量 24
4.2.重心位置及轴荷分配计算 25
第五章  动力性、燃油经济性、稳定性计算 28
5.1.动力性计算 28
5.1.1.动力性计算基本参数 28
5.1.2.客车动力性计算原理 30
5.1.3.客车动力性指标计算 31
5.1.4.客车的动力性计算结果 33
5.2.燃油经济性计算 36
5.3.稳定性计算 37
5.3.1.纵向稳定性计算 37
5.3.2.横向稳定性计算 38
第六章  驾驶员视野校核 39
6.1.视野校核的目的 39
6.2.视野校核的依据 39
6.2.1.汽车驾驶员眼椭圆概述 39
6.2.2.眼椭圆样板的制取 39
6.2.3.眼椭圆样板在车身视图上的定位 40
6.3.视野校核内容及结果 42
6.3.1.前方视野 42
6.3.2.后方视野 43
6.3.3.侧方视野 44
第七章  转向轮跳动校核 45
7.1.作转向轮跳动图的目的 45
7.2.校核结果 45
第八章  客车制造的相关工艺 46
结 论 47
致 谢 48
参考文献 49
附录 50