基于单片机的高压异步电动机软起动器的设计.doc
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基于单片机的高压异步电动机软起动器的设计,摘 要:交流异步电动机因其成本低，高可靠性和少维护等优点在各种工业领域中得到广泛的应用。但是其起动过程中会产生很大的起动电流，过大的电流会加速电动机的绝缘老化，大大降低电动机的使用寿命，导致大量的能量被消耗。大的电流还会造成较大的线路压降，从而影响接在同一电网上的其它电气设备正常工作。因此，如何改善异步电动机的起动性能...
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摘 要:交流异步电动机因其成本低，高可靠性和少维护等优点在各种工业领域中得到广泛的应用。但是其起动过程中会产生很大的起动电流，过大的电流会加速电动机的绝缘老化，大大降低电动机的使用寿命，导致大量的能量被消耗。大的电流还会造成较大的线路压降，从而影响接在同一电网上的其它电气设备正常工作。因此，如何改善异步电动机的起动性能，具有重要的经济价值。
本设计从理论上分析了三相异步电动机起动过程，设计了一种基于单片机控制的高压异步电动机软起动装置，对控制器的电路构成及软件进行了分析。主电路由三组反并联晶闸管和接触器组成，将开关变压器的高压绕组串联在主电路中，而低压绕组并联接上一对反并联晶闸管。通过控制晶闸管的触发角可以连续改变开关变压器高压绕组的电压，从而连续改变电动机的定子端电压，实现高压电动机的软起动，并通过键盘与显示电路分别显示出电压，电流，频率等参数。同时解决了晶闸管的耐压问题。
关键词 : 软起动器 调压电路 单片机 异步电动机
Abstract: AC induction motor has low cost, high reliability and low maintenance advantages. So they are used in various industrial fields widely. The starting process will generate a large starting current. The current can accelerate the aging of motor insulation, reducing the life of the motor greatly. And then it will be result in the consumed of the energy Large current will result in the greater pressure droping, affecting the power line connected to the same work to other electrical equipment. Therefore, It has an important economic value in how to improve the starting performance of induction motor.
The design analyzed the theory of three-phase asynchronous motor starting process and design a microcontroller-based control of high voltage induction motor soft start device, the controller circuits and software for the analysis. The main circuit consists of three anti-parallel thyristors and contacts form, the switch transformer high-voltage windings in the main circuit, and low-voltage winding and a pair of anti-parallel connected thyristors. Controlling the thyristor firing angle can be changed continuously switching voltage transformer high voltage winding, which continuously change the motor stator terminal voltage, high-voltage motor soft start, and through the keyboard and display circuit, respectively, showing voltage, current, frequency and other parameters . At the same time the pressure to solve the problem of thyristor.
Key words: soft starter voltage regulator circuit microcontroller induction motor simulation
摘 要.................................................................................................I
Abstract.............................................................................................II
第1章 绪论..........................................................................................1
1.1课程研究的目的及意义.......................................................................1
1.2软起动技术的发展现状.......................................................................2
1.2.1国内发展状况.................................................................................4
1.2.2国外发展状况.................................................................................4
1.3本文主要研究工作..............................................................................5
第2章 晶闸管软起动技术原理....................................................................6
2.1三相异步电动机起动过程.....................................................................6
2.2晶闸管软起动技术原理........................................................................8
2.2.1基本原理阐述.................................................................................8
2.2.2晶闸管参数选择..............................................................................9
2.3异步电动机传统起动方式及原理............................................................10
2.3.1直接起动........................................................................................10
2.3.2减压起动.........................................................................................11
2.3.3星-三角形起动..................................................................................11
2.3.4自耦变压器起动................................................................................11
2.4软起动的起动方式.................................................................................13
2.5软起动的原理及分析..............................................................................15
2.5.1晶闸管调压原理..................................................................................15
2.5.2晶闸管端电压与触发角之间的关系..........................................................16
2.6小结....................................................................................................18
第3章 系统硬件电路的设计...........................................................................19
3.1系统总体框图的设计...........................................................................
本设计从理论上分析了三相异步电动机起动过程，设计了一种基于单片机控制的高压异步电动机软起动装置，对控制器的电路构成及软件进行了分析。主电路由三组反并联晶闸管和接触器组成，将开关变压器的高压绕组串联在主电路中，而低压绕组并联接上一对反并联晶闸管。通过控制晶闸管的触发角可以连续改变开关变压器高压绕组的电压，从而连续改变电动机的定子端电压，实现高压电动机的软起动，并通过键盘与显示电路分别显示出电压，电流，频率等参数。同时解决了晶闸管的耐压问题。
关键词 : 软起动器 调压电路 单片机 异步电动机
Abstract: AC induction motor has low cost, high reliability and low maintenance advantages. So they are used in various industrial fields widely. The starting process will generate a large starting current. The current can accelerate the aging of motor insulation, reducing the life of the motor greatly. And then it will be result in the consumed of the energy Large current will result in the greater pressure droping, affecting the power line connected to the same work to other electrical equipment. Therefore, It has an important economic value in how to improve the starting performance of induction motor.
The design analyzed the theory of three-phase asynchronous motor starting process and design a microcontroller-based control of high voltage induction motor soft start device, the controller circuits and software for the analysis. The main circuit consists of three anti-parallel thyristors and contacts form, the switch transformer high-voltage windings in the main circuit, and low-voltage winding and a pair of anti-parallel connected thyristors. Controlling the thyristor firing angle can be changed continuously switching voltage transformer high voltage winding, which continuously change the motor stator terminal voltage, high-voltage motor soft start, and through the keyboard and display circuit, respectively, showing voltage, current, frequency and other parameters . At the same time the pressure to solve the problem of thyristor.
Key words: soft starter voltage regulator circuit microcontroller induction motor simulation
摘 要.................................................................................................I
Abstract.............................................................................................II
第1章 绪论..........................................................................................1
1.1课程研究的目的及意义.......................................................................1
1.2软起动技术的发展现状.......................................................................2
1.2.1国内发展状况.................................................................................4
1.2.2国外发展状况.................................................................................4
1.3本文主要研究工作..............................................................................5
第2章 晶闸管软起动技术原理....................................................................6
2.1三相异步电动机起动过程.....................................................................6
2.2晶闸管软起动技术原理........................................................................8
2.2.1基本原理阐述.................................................................................8
2.2.2晶闸管参数选择..............................................................................9
2.3异步电动机传统起动方式及原理............................................................10
2.3.1直接起动........................................................................................10
2.3.2减压起动.........................................................................................11
2.3.3星-三角形起动..................................................................................11
2.3.4自耦变压器起动................................................................................11
2.4软起动的起动方式.................................................................................13
2.5软起动的原理及分析..............................................................................15
2.5.1晶闸管调压原理..................................................................................15
2.5.2晶闸管端电压与触发角之间的关系..........................................................16
2.6小结....................................................................................................18
第3章 系统硬件电路的设计...........................................................................19
3.1系统总体框图的设计...........................................................................
