信用卡交易民法问题研究硕士论文.doc

信用卡交易民法问题研究硕士论文

信用卡交易民法问题研究
信用卡以其“先享受后付费”的特点，已经成为现代经济社会交易不可或缺 的支付方式，同时也在一定程度上促进了消费，有利于经济繁荣。但人民在享受 信用卡便利的同时也面临越来越多的问题，特别是近年来，有关佶用卡的纠纷数 量剧增，类型繁杂，相关法律问题成为理论界与实务界关注的热点。其中，关于 信用卡纠纷的民事问题，以及对信用卡交易中的消费者.也就是持卡人的权利保 护亦成为解决信用卡民事纠纷的核心议题。
本文第一部分是对信用卡的概述•我国将信闬卡的概念定义为：记录持卡人 账户相关信息，具备银行授信额度和透支功能.并为持卡人提供相关银行服务的 各类介质。信用卡具有透支、转账结算、存取现金三大功能。尽管信用卡在我国 起步较晚，但发展迅速，到2010年，我国信用卡发行总量己达2.1亿张。但是, 伴随宥信用卡的快速发展.这种新兴的支付方式亦出现越来越多的问题。
第二部分为信用卡交易的法律关系，即本文问题_述及观点提出之基础。要 清晰的分析倌用卡纠纷的民法问题，首先须理清信用卡交易中各方主体之间的民 事法律关系.而对信用卡交芴的主体及法律关系的认定上，学界亦有不同观点。 传统上，有主张三方当事人法律关系者，即信用卡交易当事人为发卡人、持卡人 和特约商户：但随着信用卡•行业的发展和信息技术的更新，亦有主张四方当事人 法律关系者，认为除以上三方当事人以外，收单机构也应为信用卡交易中独立的 民事主体^但是该观点仅仅着到了特约商户与收单机构之间日益复杂的服务上的 牵连，而事实上这呰变动并未从实质上影响信用卡交易流程，因此本文仍然就三 方当事人为研究模板，对信用卡交易中的法律关系进行深入分析，并理清各方之 间法律关系的本质.
第三部分为信用卡合同中的抗辩权切断条款。我国很多商业银行在其制定的 信用卡领用协议和信用卡章程中都有限制持卡人抗辩权的条款，而这一条款是否 有效，其效力如何，一直以来都是学界讨论的热点问题。而持否定观点者提出r 抗辩权接续理论，但就该理论的法理讨论尚未形成通说。因此，本文抛开对理论 的探讨，从实践的角度.以解决现实中的问题为目的，借鉴各囷立法，对我s法 的完菩提出建议。
第四部分为发卡人的信息披露义务.该义务本是信用长合同中维护持卡人权 利的难要内容，怛我围法规范却忽视了这部分内容。在这个问题上，美ra法的规 定较为全L0,且经过多年实务的完莕，到发卡人应当披蕊的信息作出具体规定， 问时对应披蒋信息的内容须达到何种程度也作了详细规定。因此，本文以美国法 为参考，比较我国信用卡法律规范.并针对疏漏的部分提出完蕃意见。
第五部分论述了我囡最常见的信用卡纠纷类型，即信用卡锊用的风险分担问 题u在这个问题上.漶s实务界倾向f将风险分配给更有能力控制损失的发长人： 而我国台湾地区在理论和实务上也倾向f•将风险分配给发卡人，因为无论从承袒 风险的经济实力还是转移风险的能力上，发卡人均具有较明显的优势；而我国的 实务界就信用卡苜用问题尚未达成共识，不同法院有不同的观点。本文通过对德 国和台湾实务的借鉴.总结信用卡冒用的解决方式，认为在持卡人无故意或重大 过失的情况下，应当将信用卡冒用的风险分配给发卡人。
最后为结语部分，该郃分对全文内容进行概括总结.重申本文观点.并表达 了对我国信吊卡制度早日完舂的期待=
信用卡，法律关系，信息披露义务，信用卡冒用.抗辩权
Abstract
Research on Credit Card Transaction of Civil Law
Because of its character of “enjoying first, paying second”，credit card has become an indispensable payment in modern society. Meanwliilc. it promotes consumption in some extent, and is helpftil for economic prosperity. However, when we enjoy the convenicricv of credit card, the increasing problems also come to us- The number of disputes relating to credit card increases rapidly, and the types are more complicated, specially in recent years，the legal issues of credit card in theorists and practitioners have become the focus^ Among them, the disputes of credit card on civi] law, and the right protection of the consumer who is the cardholder in credii card transactions, has become the core of civil disputes to resolve credit card issues.
The first part of this thesis is the overview of credit card. The conception of credit card in our country is that, credit card is a knxl of media that can record the relative information of cardholder's account, it is provided with line of credit from bank and overdraft function, and can provide banking services for cardholders. Credit card has three functions, which are overdraft, transfer and settlement and access to cash- Credit card start late in our country, but it develops rapidly. There arc 210 million credit cards in our country until 2010. However, with the rapid development of credit cards, this new payment anscs more and more problems.
The second part is the legal relation of the credit card transaction. This is the fundation of formulating the problems and prospecting the views here. To clear the civil disputes of credit card, we must first cianfy the civil legal relations between the Parties in credit card transaction. And scholars still have different views on who arc the Parties in credit card transaction and what are their nature of legal relations. Some scholars claim that there should be three parlies in crcdit card transaction, they arc credit card issuers, cardholders and merchants. But with the credit card industry development and information technology updaies, some scholars claim that there should be four parties, and the acquirer should be tlie fourth independent civi! subject. But the later view just to see the increasingly complex services between merchants and acquirers. In fact, these changes did not affect the process of credit card transaction in essence. So this thesis still studies three partisc as template, and
in
analyses the legal relations between the parties of credit card transaction. The purpose is to clarify the nature of the civil legal relations between parties.
The third part is the term of cut off the right of defense in credit card contract. In many Receive Credit Card Agreements and Credit Card Articles drawed up by our commercial banks, the terms to limit the right of cardholder defense are always writicn. But whether such terms arc valid? And how is the effectiveness? They arc hot issues in academic all the time. Some scholars who with negative views put forward another theory of defense continuation, but they do not reach a consensus yet. So this thesis forgets the discussions about legal theory, and to solve real problems, from a practical point of view, use the legislation of other countries for reference, then make some recommendations to improve our relative law.
The fourth part is the disclosure obligation of card issuers. Such obligation should be the important part in the contract to protect cardholders, but it is ignored in our law. On this issue, the U.S. law is more comprehensive. After many years of practice, the U.S- law makes specific provisions about what information the issuer shall disclose, and how to disclose. Therefore，it references the United States law, and compares our regulations of credit cards, then make some recommendations For the omissions to improve our relative law.
The fifth part discusses the disputes of the common type of credit card, which are the problems of how to share the risk of fraudulent use of credit cards- On this issue, the German practitioners tend to allocate the risk to the card issuers who can be more able to control the loss- In Taiwan, the risk also be allocated lo card issuers both in theory and in practice. Because whether the economic strength of taking a risk or the ability of transferring the risk, the card issuers have more advantage. But wc do not reach a consensus in practice, difterent courts has different views. Based on referencing the practices of Germany and Taiwan, summarize the solutions of fraudulent use of credit card- And it argues that the risk should be allocated to card issuers, unless the cardholder have intent or gross negligence-
Finally, as a conclusion, it summanzes llie contents of the thesis，and reiterated the views. Looking forward to improving our credit card system as soon as possible.
Kev Words:
Credit CurcL Legal Relations, Obligation of Information Disclosure, Fraudulent Use of Credit Cards, Right of Defenses
目 录
引言 1
一、信用卡橛 述 3
(-)信用卡的概念 3
(二）信用卡的功能 4
(三〉我国信用卡的发展与现状 5
(四）我国信用卡纠纷的主要类型 5
二、信用卡交易的法律关系 7
(一）信用卡交易的主体 7
(二）信用卡交易的流程 8
(三）倌用卡交易关系架构理论 8
(四）信用卡交易各方的法律关系 10
三、信用卡交易中的抗辩权切断 20
(一）抗辩权切断的理论依据 20
(二）抗辩权接续理论 21
四、信用卡交易中的信息披露与告知义务 25
(一）美国法下的信息披露与隹知义务 25
(二）我国法下的信息披露与告知义务 28
五、信用卡冒用的风险分配 31
(-)信用卡冒用风险转移条款的效力 31
(二）信用卡冒用的风险分配 36
结语   38
参考文献   39