中小企业应对当前外贸出口中的挑战和困难.doc

中小企业应对当前外贸出口中的挑战和困难

目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
前 言 1
第1章 我国中小企业发展现状及金融危机的影响 3
1.1 我国中小企业发展现状 3
1.2 金融危机对我国中小企业的影响 4
1.2.1出口加工型企业的出口贸易额受到严重的影响 4
1.2.2金融危机导致企业的进口材料成本很难预料 5
1.2.3金融危机使得中小企业的国内市场需求减少 5
1.2.4金融危机使得中小企业的融资难度加大 5
第2章 我国中小企业“走出去”目前存在的主要问题 7
2.1 中小企业自身的不足 7
2.1.1自主知识产权开发和保护存在着严重的问题 7
2.1.2缺乏涉外职业人才 7
2.1.3融资困难 8
2.1.4缺乏清晰的国际市场开拓计划 9
2.1.5生产技术水平低 9
2.2制约中小企业出口贸易的客观因素 9
2.2.1中小企业出口贸易的政策体制不完善 9
2.2.2中小企业出口贸易的社会化服务体系不健全 10
2.2.3国际上新贸易保护主义抬头 10
第3章 我国中小企业在对外贸易中的竞争优势分析 11
3.1生产技术优势 11
3.2 决策管理优势 12
3.3 市场占有优势 12
3.4投资环境优势 13
3.5 经营灵活的优势 13
第4章 对策与措施 14
4.1加强市场调研 14
4.2加强研发力量 14
4.3加强自主品牌建设 15
4.4建立健全企业管理制度 15
4.5寻求多方合作 16
4.6提高企业的核心竞争力 17
4.7改变管理模式。 17
4.8提高企业经营者文化管理素质 17
4.9充分利用国家政策。 18
结 论 19
致 谢 20
参 考 文 献 21
毕 业 设 计 小 结 22
 
摘 要
随着我国加快实施“走出去”战略，我国对外经济合作经营主体队伍迅速壮大，国内从事跨国投资与经营的各类企业目前已发展到3万多家。在大型企业骨干作用日益明显的同时，广大中小企业以开展境外加工贸易为切入点，积极拓展国际市场并取得了积极进展，逐步成为我国开展对外投资合作的重要力量。
    目前，我国企业包括中小企业“走出去”开展跨国投资与经营活动的范围已几乎遍及全球，从上世纪80年代集中于美欧日、港澳等少数发达国家和地区，发展到周边国家和亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲以及东欧独联体等广大发展中国家和地区；业务领域不断拓宽，由初期的进出口贸易、航运和餐饮等少数领域拓展到加工制造、资源利用、交通运输、工程承包、劳务合作、农业及农产品综合开发、医疗卫生、旅游及咨询服务等众多领域，多元化发展的趋势日益显著。
中小企业是推动我国国民经济发展中的一支重要力量。我国加入WTO之后，我国中小企业在对外贸易中得到了难得的发展机遇，中小企业是我国的企业主体.其活力指数也反映出了一个国家的经济社会的兴衰成败,影响着民生状况,关系到社会稳定.因此各国都在发展经济,改善民生,研究经济的规律发展模式。在我国由于特殊的历史环境，我国的中小企业体制多样,发展历史普遍不长，在成长的道路上还需要很长的路要走。中小企业如何应对当前外贸出口中存在的问题和挑战，是一个值得深思和探讨的问题。本文论述了2008年美国次贷危机后中小企业对外贸易的现状，提出了中小企业对外贸易中存在的问题和优势，并提出了一些对策。

关键词 中小企业，对外贸易，经济危机，对策，改革

ABSTRACT
With China to accelerate implementation of the "going out" strategy, China's foreign economic cooperation rapidly growing ranks of business entities, domestic investment and business in multinational enterprises of all types has grown to more than 3 million. Key role in large enterprises has become increasingly evident, while the majority of small and medium enterprises to develop overseas processing trade as the starting point, and actively expand the international market and has made positive progress, and gradually become the basis for an important force in foreign investment and cooperation.
     At present, China's enterprises, including SME, "going out" to carry out cross-border  investment and the scope of business activities have been almost all over the world, from the last century focused on the United States and Europe at 80 years, Hong Kong and Macao and a few developed countries and regions, the development of neighboring countries and Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe, CIS and other developing countries and regions; business continuously expanding, from the initial import and export trade, shipping and catering areas and a few extended to the manufacturing, resource use, transportation, project contracting, labor service cooperation, agriculture and agricultural comprehensive development, health, tourism and consulting services, and other fields, the growing trend of diversification significantly.
    SME is to promote the development of our national economy as an important force. China's accession to WTO, China's SME in foreign trade has been a rare opportunity for development, SME are the main enterprises in China. The vigor index reflects a country's economic and social success or failure, affecting people's livelihood is related to social stability. Therefore, all countries in economic development, improving people's livelihood, the laws of economic development. In our country due to special historical circumstances, institutional diversity of SME, is generally not a long history in the path of growth has a long way to go. SME exports in how to deal with the current problems and challenges, is a question worthy of careful consideration and discussion. This article discusses the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 after the foreign trade of SME present situation of SME in foreign trade problems and advantages, and proposed some countermeasures.

Key words：  small and medium enterprises, foreign trade, economic crisis, measures to reform