刑事非法证据效力问题研究.doc

刑事非法证据效力问题研究
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF ILLEGAL EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL

摘      要
刑事非法证据是否具有法律上的证据效力，在我国法学界一直争论不休。这场争论的中心议题是如何在法律上界定刑事非法证据的法律效力，进而探讨在我国建立什么样的刑事非法证据排除规则。1996年刑事诉讼法虽然对刑事非法证据的运用作了相关的规定，在一定程度上能够体现惩罚犯罪和保障人权相结合的诉讼目的。但从具体方面而言，却存在着立法不完善、司法实践中难以操作等若干问题，归根结底是因为我国对于刑事非法证据是否具有法律效力和具有什么样的法律效力还存在争论。本文尝试对我国刑事非法证据及其效力的理论、立法以及司法实践进行研究，借鉴其他国家关于刑事非法证据的相关规定，从中国实际国情出发，对中国刑事非法证据效力问题进行一个全面的剖析研究，力求促进其完善。
文章首先对刑事非法证据及其效力的概念及其类型进行了界定，接着综合国内外学者的不同观点对刑事非法证据的效力进行理论分析，通过分型得出了采信说、区别对待说、去伪存真线索转化说、排除加例外说、区别对待衡量转化说、排除说等六种理论。在此基础上通过介绍美、英、德、日四个个代表性国家及我国关于刑事非法证据效力的法律规定及司法实践，进而指出我国对这一问题不同于国外的原因并且指出我国刑事非法证据制度的不足。最后针对我国刑事非法证据制度的不足，借鉴其他国家关于这一问题的相关规定对规范我国刑事非法证据法律效力进行法律构建。笔者将从三个方面进行：第一，完善立法机制。明确程序法定原则。第二，完善我国刑事非法证据排除规则的适用范围。第三，建立一套符合我国国情的非法证据排除规则配套机制。

关键词：非法证据  法律效力 排除规则

Abstract
Whether evidence of criminal illegal evidence on the effectiveness of law in China has been in constant discussion in our jurisprudence. The central theme of this discussion is how to define in law the legal effect of the criminal illegal evidence, then what kind of establishment in our country's criminal illegal evidence exclusion rule. Although the Criminal Code of Criminal Procedure 1996, the use of illegal evidence made relevant provisions, to a certain extent, to reflect the punishment of crime and protection of human rights litigation purposes combined. However, in terms of specific aspects, but there is inadequate legislation, judicial practice, and so difficult to operate a number of issues, in the final analysis because of our evidence for criminal illegal validity of and what kind of legal effect is also in dispute. This article attempts to theories of criminal illegal evidence, legislation and judicial practice, research, learn from others on the relevant provisions of the criminal illegal evidence from China's actual national conditions, the evidence on the effectiveness of the Criminal illegal to conduct a comprehensive analysis of research, seeking to promote its perfect.
    The article first of the criminal illegal concept and types of evidence were defined, then the different views of foreign and domestic scholars, the evidence of the effectiveness of the criminal illegal theoretical analysis, by sub-type letters De Chu said in mining, different treatment that, eliminate the false and retain the true transformation that leads, add an exception rule that discrimination measure conversion, said that of six exclusion theory. On this basis, by introducing the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and China in four countries were represented on the effect of illegal evidence in criminal law and judicial practice, then that is different from the foreign country on this issue of reason and pointed out that the Criminal Illegal insufficient evidence of the system. Finally, our system of criminal illegal evidence insufficient experience of other countries on this issue with the relevant provisions of the normative legal effect of evidence of criminal illegal legal construct. I would, from three aspects:  first, improve the legislative framework. Clear procedures for legal principles. Second, Improving the criminal illegal evidence exclusion rules application.Third, establish a consistent national condition of illegal evidence exclusion rule matching mechanism.

  Keywords:  Illegal evidence  The force of law  Exclusion

目      录

第1章 绪论 1
1.1 问题的提出 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法 1
第2章 刑事非法证据及其效力概述 3
2.1 刑事非法证据的概念及其分类 3
2.2 我国理论界关于非法证据效力的观点及思考 3
第3章 中外关于非法证据效力的立法与实践 7
3.1 美国对非法证据效力的立法与实践 7
3.2 英国对非法证据效力的立法与实践 7
3.3 德国对非法证据效力的立法与实践 8
3.4 日本对非法证据效力的立法与实践 10
3.5 我国对非法证据效力的立法与实践 11
第4章 导致中外非法证据效力不同的因素 13
4.1 诉讼文化环境的不同 13
4.2 法律观念的不同 14
4.3 刑事诉讼目的不同 14
4.4 现阶段国内刑事司法的现实与国际环境的不同 14
第5章 对规范我国刑事非法证据法律效力的构想 16
5.1我国关于非法证据在立法上存在的问题 16
5.1.1程序法定没有得贯彻，立法有违程序法定原则 16
5.1.2 法律规定不全面、不彻底， 缺乏可操作性 16
5.1.3 缺乏配套的制度的支持 17
5.2 规范我国刑事非法证据法律效力的几点构想 18
5.2.1 完善立法机制，明确程序法定原则 18
5.2.2 完善我国刑事非法证据排除规则的适用范围 18
5.2.2.1 对非法言词证据加以绝对排除 18
5.2.2.2 对非法实物证据原则上应当加以排除 19
5.2.3 建立一套符合我国国情的非法证据排除规则配套机制 19
5.2.3.1 建立侦查司法审查机制 19
5.2.3.2 建立证据庭前审查机制 20
5.2.3.3 建立符合中国国情的沉默权制度 21
5.2.3.4 强化证人出庭作证制度 21
5.2.3.5 构建完善的刑事非法证据排除规则的举证责任 23
5.2.3.6 建立对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的双重保障制度 23
5.2.3.7 完善对被侵权人的救济机制 24
结论 25
致谢 26
参考文献 27