高分子材料与工程毕业论文.doc

高分子材料与工程毕业论文

新型丙烯酸酯乳液的研制

摘要
聚合物微乳液具有非常广泛的用途，但早期的微乳液中单体的含量较低，乳化剂含量过高，耐水性差，这就限制了微乳液聚合的实际应用。本文通过引进新的功能单体二聚酸（DA）改性丙烯酸酯乳液，采用了半连续种子乳液聚合的方法合成出了一种高固含量、高耐水性、低乳化剂含量的新型丙烯酸酯微乳液，通过红外光谱（FTIR）对产物进行表征，并通过各种测试手段测试所合成的乳液性能，如粒径、粘度、吸水率、固含量、乳液稳定性等；通过改变各原料之间的配比来研究影响乳液性能的因素，并通过对乳化剂含量和阴/非离子乳化剂的配比、引发剂用量、单体之间配比的研究来确定最终的配方；本实验还通过加入甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)和改变其用量来提高乳液性能。最终合成出一种乳化剂含量在2%~3%、固含量为40%~50%、乳液粒径在70nm左右的高耐水性新型丙烯酸酯乳液，具有较好的综合性能。

关键词：乳液聚合，丙烯酸酯微乳液，高耐水性，高固含量
 
The study of new acrylate emulsion
Abstract 
The polymer microemulsion has been used extensively,but in the early stage of microemulsion, monomer content is relatively low, emulsifier content is too high, and the water resistance is poor, all of them limit the widespread application of microemulsion polymerization. In this paper, microemulsion was improved through the introduction of a new micro-functional monomer. A new acrylate microemulsion with high solid content, high water resistance and low surfactant concentration was synthesized by the semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization. The products were characterized by Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR).The performance of synthetic latex such as particle size, viscosity, water absorption, solid content, emulsion stability was tested through a variety of tests. The factors that affect the properties of emulsion were studied by changing the ratio among the raw materials, then the final formula was determined mainly by studying the content of emulsifier, anionic/non-ionic emulsifier ratio, the amount of initiator, monomer ratio and so on; Methacrylic acid-β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was also used in this experiment, moreover, its usage was also changed in order to improve the properties of emulsion. In this study, a new acrylate microemulsion with a particle size of 70nm, low surfactant concentration (about2%~3wt%), high solid content (40%~50wt%)and high water resistance was synthesized finally. The new acrylate microemulsion has good overall performance.

Key words:emulsion polymerization,acrylate microemulsion,high water resistance,high solid content
 
目录
1.绪论 1
1.1微乳液聚合的概述 1
1.1.1微乳液聚合国内外发展现状 1
1.1.2微乳液聚合的特点及机理 2
1.1.3微乳液聚合研究热点 4
1.1.4微乳液聚合的应用发展前景展望 5
1.2丙烯酸酯微乳液聚合概述 5
1.2.1概述 5
1.2.2丙烯酸酯微乳液的应用及展望 6
1.3二聚酸简介 7
1.4本课题研究的目的及内容 7
2实验部分 8
2.1实验药品 8
2.2实验仪器 8
2.3丙烯酸酯微乳液的合成 8
2.3.1丙烯酸酯单体的选择 8
2.3.2乳液聚合基本反应原理 9
2.3.3实验流程简介 10
2.4性能测试 10
2.4.1红外分析 10
2.4.2粒径及其分布 10
2.4.3固含量及转化率 10
2.4.4凝聚率(Coagulation) 11
2.4.5乳液粘度的测定 11
2.4.6吸水率 11
2.4.7铅笔硬度 12
2.4.8附着力 12
2.4.9乳液机械稳定性 12
2.4.10钙离子稳定性 12
2.4.11储存稳定性 12
2.4.12稀释稳定性 12
2.4.13冻融稳定性 12
3 结果与讨论 13
3.1丙烯酸酯单体的选择 13
3.2引发剂对乳液性能的影响 13
3.3乳化剂对乳液性能的影响 15
3.3.1乳化剂用量对乳液的影响 15
3.3.2乳化剂配比对乳液的影响 15
3.4功能性单体DA的影响 16
3.5 助乳化剂HEMA的影响 19
3.6红外光谱分析 19
4 结论与展望 21
致谢 22
参考文献 23