普通铣床的数控化改造.rar

普通铣床的数控化改造

摘  要

我所设计的毕业课题为“普通铣床的数控化改造”。对于机床的设计来说 ，我首先对所要设计的机床进行技术调查，查阅了国内外有关文献资料，在此基础上，对其用途范围、性能指标、方案对比等进行论证分析。对于通用机床我更是查阅了大量的国内外有关铣床的资料后，拟定了此机床的总体方案为立式铣床。然后根据总体方案的布局形式，规格参数，精度性能等要求，对此机床的进给传动系统进行了专题设计。首先是对进给传动的运动设计。此设计主要功能和主要参数以及各系统的基本工作原理及其数控化。数控化的铣床的定位精度和重复定位精度明显提高，获得了明显的经济效益。
该数控铣床具有以下特点：
1、 采用高性能的无级变速主轴及伺服传动系统，机械传动结构大为简化，传动链缩短。
2、 采用刚度和抗振性较好的机床新结构，如钢板焊接结构的支承件等。
3、 采用在效率、刚度、精度等各方面较优良的传动元件，如滚珠丝杠螺母副、塑料滑动导轨等。
4、 采取减小机床热变形的措施，保证机床的精度稳定，获得可靠的加工质量。
5、 能完成曲面等复杂面的加工。

关键词：数控化改造；重复定位精度；伺服传动系统。 

Plain milling machine numerical control transformation
Abstract

I design the graduation topic is "the plain milling machine numerica transformation".S- aid regarding the engine bed design, I first to the engine bed which must design carry on the t- echnical investigation, has consulted the domestic and foreign related literature material, In t- his foundation, to its use scope, the performance index, the plan contrast and so on carries on  the proof analysis. I was have consulted the massive domestic and foreign related milling ma- chines material after the general engine bed, has drawn up this engine bed overall plan is the  vertical milling machine. Then the basis overall plan layout form, the specification parameter, request and so on precision performance, engine bed entering has carried on the special design regarding this for the transmission system.This design main function and main parameter as  well as various systems basic principle of work and its numerical control. The numerical cont- rol milling machine pointing accuracy and the repetition pointing accuracy distinct enhancem- ent, has obtained the obvious economic efficiency.
Below this numerical control milling machine has the characteristic:
1st, uses the high performance the stepless speed change main axle and the servomecha- nism, the mechanical drive structure greatly is the simplification, the transmission chain redu- ces.
     2nd, uses the rigidity and the vibration-proof better engine bed new structure, like steel plate welding structure supporting and so on.
     3rd, uses in the efficiency, the rigidity, the precision and so on various aspects finer transmission part, like the ball bearing guide screw nut vice-, the plastic skids the guide rail and so on.
     4th, adopts reduces the engine bed thermal deformation the measure,guaranteed the engine bed the precision is stable, obtains the reliable processing quality.
     5th, Can complete the complicated noodles of etc. of curved face process。

Key words:
Numerical control transformation;
Pointing accuracy;
Repetition pointing accuracy;
Stepless speed change;
Servomechanism

目  录
摘  要………………………………………………………………………………………….I
Abstract......................................................................................................................................II
前言…………………………………………………………………………………………….1
第一章 概述 3
1.1 数控机床的发展史 3
1.1.1 国外数控机床的发展 3
1.1.2 国内数控机床的发展 4
1.1.3 未来数控机床的发展趋势 4
1.2 数控铣床的功能和特点及组成原理 6
1.2.1 数控铣床的主要功能 6
1.2.2 数控铣床的主要特点 8
        1.2.3 数控铣床的组成…………………………………………………………… ..9
        1.2.4 数控铣床的工作原理……………………………………………………….11
1.3 本设计的内容及特点 12
1.4 本设计的控制方式…………………………………………………………………12
1.5 本设计的总体方案…………………………………………………………………13
第二章 结构设计 14
2.1 传动系统设计 14
2.2 滚珠丝杠螺母副设计与原理………………………………………………………15
2.3 直流电机的结构……………………………………………………………………16
第三章 设计计算…………………………………………………………………………….17
3.1 力能参数的计算……………………………………………………………………17
3.1.1 滚珠丝杠螺母副的选用设计 17
3.1.2 轴成的选择 21
3.2 伺服电机的选择及计算……………………………………………………………23
    3.2.1 选择伺服电机……………………………………………………………….23
        3.2.2 最大切削负载转矩计算…………………………………………………….23
        3.2.3负载惯量计算………………………………………………………………..24
        3.2.4 空载加速转矩计算………………………………………………………….25
        3.2.5 伺服系统增益……………………………………………………………….25
        3.2.6 精度验算…………………………………………………………………….28
3.3.1 键的选择 29
3.3.2 键的强度校核 29
第四章 辅助元件的选择.........................................................................................................31
4.1 导轨的选择................................................................................................................31
    4.1.1 滑动导轨的特点.............................................................................................31
4.2 脉冲编码器的选用....................................................................................................32
    4.2.1 脉冲编码器的工作原理.................................................................................32
4.3 数控系统的冷却系统................................................................................................33
4.4 数控系统的润滑系统................................................................................................35
4.5 数控铣床排屑装置....................................................................................................35
4.6 数控系统的选择........................................................................................................36
第五章 价值分析.....................................................................................................................38
5.1 价值的概念................................................................................................................38
5.2 LOM价值分析...........................................................................................................38
第六章 结束语........................................................................................................................ 39
6.1 设计中的结论性的问题............................................................................................39
6.2 设计体会....................................................................................................................39
附 第七章 数控铣床的编程实例...........................................................................................41
参考文献...................................................................................................................................43