手持式智能抄表系统.doc

手持式智能抄表系统

摘要
    随着电子产业的逐步发展及人们生活水平的不断提高，密集的居住区为手持式智能抄表系统的推广提供了必要条件。本文介绍了手持式智能抄表系统在国内外的发展状况后，针对人们最常用的单相电子式电能表设计手持式无线智能抄表系统。
本文首先针对课题进行研究后确定研究方案及软硬件设备，硬件电路包括电表电路和抄表电路两部分；两部分电路主要包括数据采集、红外通讯、数码管显示、键盘、存储、串口六大模块。根据整体方案对各个模块的功能进行介绍及对硬件电路进行原理图设计和PCB板设计。软件主要应用Altium Designer进行PCB板制作和Keil C软件进行程序编写。
本方案用STC89C52单片机作为主控单元，对其针对各个功能分别进行串口扩充。电表电路与抄表电路之间应用ZiLOG公司的ZHX1010芯片进行数据传输。实现了数据之间传输无线化，而且大大提高了工作效率。本设计具有使用方便、适应性强、操作简单的优点。相信今后无线化及小型化的抄表系统将逐步推广。
关键字：智能抄表 电表电路 STC89C52 红外通讯

ABSTRACT
  With the development of the electronic industry and people's improving living standards, it is necessary for the intensive residential area to promote hand-held intelligent meter reading system. The development of this system is described in the article, including domestic and overseas. Moreover, we will discuss the most commonly used handheld wireless intelligent meter reading system which is designed by the single-phase electronic energy meter.
After the discussing of this issue, the research programs and the devices of hardware and software are determined. The hardware circuits are composed of two parts, including meter circuit and reading meter circuit; two parts of the  circuit include six modules, which is data acquisition, infrared data association, LED digital display, keyboard, memory, serials . According to the overall program, the function of each module is described and schematic of the hardware circuit and PCB is designed. The software mainly uses the PCB by Altium Designer and software programming by the Keil C.
T he main control unit of this program is MCU STC89C52, whose serial port expansion is based on each separate function. The ZHX1010 chip of ZiLOG Company is applied for data transmission between the meter circuit and the meter reading circuit. It not only achieves a wireless transformation between the data, but also improves the working efficiency. The design has many advantages, such as easy to use, flexible to adapt, simple to operate. I believe that the meter reading system for wireless and miniaturization will be gradually extended in the future.
   Keywords: intelligent meter reading system; meter circuit ;STC89C52;infrared data association
 

目录

第一章 绪论 1
1.1 选题背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外对智能抄表系统的研究现状 1
1.3 本文主要研究工作 2
第二章 手持式无线智能抄表系统的总体设计方案 3
2.1 手持式无线智能抄表系统整体结构 3
2.2 手持式无线智能抄表系统硬件方案 3
2.3 手持式无线抄表系统软件方案 4
第三章 硬件电路的设计与实现 6
3.1数据采集电路的设计 6
3.1.1ICL7135型A/D转换器 6
3.1.2模拟电子开关 9
3.1.3分频电路 10
3.1.4极性反转电源转换器 11
3.2 STC89C52RC单片机控制电路的设计 11
3.2.1 STC89C52RC单片机简介 11
3.2.2 STC89C52RC单片机主要性能 11
3.2.3 STC89C52RC单片机的引脚及相关功能描述 12
3.2.4 单片机最小系统设计 13
3.3键盘电路的设计 16
3.3.1键盘的工作原理 16
3.3.2键盘的分类 16
3.3.3硬件电路设计 16
3.4数码管显示电路的设计 18
3.4.1数码管显示驱动电路 19
3.4.2数码管显示位选电路 20
3.5 单片机串口通信电路的设计 20
3.5.1RS-232C标准 21
3.5.2硬件电路设计 22
3.6 红外通信电路的设计 22
3.7 存储电路的设计 25
3.8 PCB电路板的设计 27
3.8.1 Altium Designer简介 27
3.8.2 元器件的PCB封装 28
3.9.3 PCB电路的设计过程 32
第四章 软件的设计 34
4.1 开发软件 34
4.1.1Keil C51概述 34
4.1.2 Keil µVision4集成开发环境介绍 34
4.1.3 Keil µVision4集成开发环境的界面 35
4.2 程序流程 36
4.2.1 总控制电路的程序流程与实现 36
4.2.2键盘电路的程序流程与实现 37
4.2.3 数据采集电路的程序流程与实现 39
4.2.4 数码管显示电路的程序流程与实现 40
4.2.5红外通讯电路的程序流程与实现 41
4.2.6串口通信的程序流程与实现 42
4.2.7存储电路的程序流程和实现 43
第五章 总结 45
参考文献 46
附录 47
致谢 51