4ut_2型马铃薯收获机起获与分离部分设计.doc

马铃薯收获机毕业设计


包括挖掘部件和分离部件的设计

摘  要

近年来，马铃薯收获机械的研制与推广有了较大发展，但目前国内机型以小型、配套动力小，结构简单、轻便为主。研制机具的技术水平也与国外相差甚大，劳动强度还是较大，严重制约了马铃薯产业化的发展。马铃薯收获是一项非常繁重的工作，尤其是马铃薯的分离更是一项繁琐的工作。为了减轻农民的劳动强度，节约时间，通过对国内外马铃薯收获机械的研究和讨论，对比他们的结构和工作特点的基础上确定了一种新型马铃薯联合收获机械的起获与分离设计方案。
目前，国内马铃薯联合收获机械研究还比较少，与国外先进的联合收获机械还有很大的差距。改进后的马铃薯联合收获机分离装置采用了弧形拨齿式分离装置。这种装置结构简单，分离效果好，克服了抖动链式和筛式分离装置在小型马铃薯收获机械上和中粘性土壤中使用的限制，提高了土薯分离效率。新型的马铃薯收获机的挖掘部件采用鸭掌铲，其挖净宽达99.8%上。

关键词  马铃薯；联合收获机；挖掘；分离装置。

 
Abstract

In recent year,the research and extension of the potato harvest machinery has made a great development,but at present,our machine type mainly in small type,small mating power,simple structure and light.There is a big gap between our country and foreign country about the technology level of the equipment research,the labor intensity is still great,they are seriously hold back the potatoes industrial development. Potato harvest is a very heavy work, especially the potato separation is a tedious work. In order to reduce the labor intensity and save time, designer  determined a new dig and separate part of potatoes united harvest machine, through research and discussion on the potatoes harvest machinery in abroad and home , contrast of their structure and characteristics .
Recently,the study of potato harvester is little in domestic,there is large gap between home and the international. After improved the design of the potato combine harvester,which separating device used the arc round roller components.This device has simple structure and good separation,overcome the restriction of the jitter chain and screen type separation,that in small type potatoes harvest machine and the use in viscous soil,improve the separation efficiency. The digging part of new potato harvester is a shovel like the duck palm ,which can dig 99.8 percen of the potatoes.

Keywords  potato;combine harvester; dig; separating device.

目  录

摘  要 I
Abstract II
第 1 章 绪论 1
1.1 马铃薯种植概况 1
1.2 马铃薯的价值 2
1.2.1 马铃薯的营养价值 2
1.2.2 马铃薯的工业价值 2
1.2.3 课题研究背景 2
1.3 马铃薯收获机概述 3
1.3.1 国外马铃薯收获机发展历史 3
1.3.2 国内马铃薯收获机发展历史 5
1.4 本课题研究的意义、 内容及方法 7
1.4.1 研究意义 7
1.4.2 研究内容 8
1.4.3 研究方法 9
第 2 章 挖掘部件的设计 10
2.1 挖掘铲的设计要求 10
2.2 挖掘铲的设计 10
2.2.1 铲体总宽度 11
2.2.2 铲刃夹角 11
2.2.3 铲面倾角 12
2.2.4 铲体总长度 14
第 3 章 喂入轮与拨土轮的设计 17
3.1 喂入轮的设计 17
3.2 拨土轮的设计 18
第 4 章 分离装置的设计 21
4.1 分离装置的选型 21
4.2 分离装置的结构设计 24
第 5 章 旋齿分离器运动分析 28
5.1 问题的提出 28
5.2 整机结构及工作过程 28
5.3 旋齿分离器的运动分析 29
5.4 公式的验证和问题的讨论 33
第 6 章 结论与建议 35
6.1 结论 35
6.2 建议 36
参考文献 37
致  谢 39
附录1 40
附录2 44