毕业论文 “民工荒”及农民工进城就业分析.doc

摘 要 …………………………………………………………………………………2
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………3
导 论 …………………………………………………………………………………4
（一）选题的背景及研究意义……………………………………………………4
（二）国内外文献综述……………………………………………………………5
一、民工荒的基本内涵………………………………………………………………6
二、民工荒的现状……………………………………………………………………7
（一）企业招工难问题已成为全国普遍性问题…………………………………7
（二）“民工荒”主要特征…………………………………………………8
（三）“民工荒”向内地蔓延加快………………………………………………9
三、“民工荒” 产生的原因分析 …………………………………………………9
（一）企业用工需求与劳动力供给………………………………………………9
（二）民工荒的产生与企业生产经营机制………………………………………9
（三）我国粗放型经济增长方式下劳动用工特点………………………………10
（四）中国特殊的二元社会结构与“民工荒”产生的社会因素………………11
四、积极应对“民工荒”的建设性意见……………………………………………12
（一）从企业的角度出发解决“民工荒”问题…………………………………12
(二) 从政府的角度出发解决“民工荒”问题…………………………………13

结束语 ………………………………………………………………………………16
致 谢 …………………………………………………………………………………17
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………18







摘 要

在我国国民经济中，农民工作为一支新兴的劳动大军发挥着越来越重要的作用。在经历了多年“民工潮”后，如今却出现了大逆转，产生了“民工荒”。 “民工荒”的形成，企业的短期行为是其直接原因；当前宏观经济形势和新的二元社会结构是导致“民工荒”的深层次原因。进入2009年，“民工荒”所演变的农民工就业出现了新的变化。一方面企业改善薪资待遇，改善工作环境却依然无法满足企业的用工需求；而另一方面，农民工的专场招聘会又存在大量等待寻找工作的农民工。企业的生产需求招不到工人和农民工的大量失业，这两者已经成为劳动力供给与需求的双重矛盾。为避免“民工荒”及其扩大性蔓延，政府必须采取相应的对策措施，处理当前劳工供求不均衡的现象。
“民工荒”全面暴露了农民工进城务工环境的严重恶化，凸显现行的收入分配、劳动保障、户籍管理、就业选举、教育培训等制度，已经成为阻碍农业剩余劳动力转移的实质性因素。在统筹城乡发展的新的历史阶段，必须把全面促进农业剩余劳动力转移作为国家发展的重大战略，立足于给予农民工以国民待遇，着力破解农民市民化的制度性障碍，建设城乡统一的劳动力市场，走壮大县域为重点的多元化城镇化路径，努力提高农业劳动者素质，建立适应农民工特点的劳动和社会保障体系，依法保护农民工的经济政治权益，促进农村土地使用权的流转，构建适合中国国情的农业剩余劳动力转移新模式，从而推动国家工业化、城市化和现代化目标的顺利实现。

关键词：民工荒；户籍制度；经济增长模式 ；社会保障

ABSTRACT
In our national economy, the farmers work as an emerging labor force playing an increasingly important role. After years of "Flood", and today have seen a major reversal, resulting in a "shortage of migrant workers." "Shortage" the formation of short-term behavior of enterprises is the direct cause; the current macroeconomic situation and the new dual social structure lead to "Shortage" the deep-seated reasons. Into 2009, "Labor Shortage" the evolution of the employment of migrant workers there are new changes. Enterprises to improve their salary on the one hand, improve the working environment is still unable to meet the employment needs of the enterprise; and on the other hand, the special recruitment of migrant workers and there are a lot of migrant workers waiting to find a job. The production needs of workers and not hire a large number of unemployed migrant workers, both labor supply and demand has become a double contradiction. In order to avoid "labor shortage" and expand the nature of the spread, the Government must take appropriate countermeasures to deal with the current labor supply and demand imbalance.
"Shortage" full of migrant farm workers exposed to serious deterioration of the environment, highlighting the existing income distribution, labor and social security, household management, employment, voting, education and training system has become an obstacle to the transfer of agricultural surplus labor force in the substantive factors. Urban and rural development in the new historical stage, have to fully promote the transfer of agricultural surplus labor as a major strategic development of the country, based on the granting national treatment to migrant workers, efforts to crack Farmers of the institutional barriers and building a unified labor market and take the focus on expanding the diversity of county urbanization path, and strive to improve the quality of agricultural laborers, and establishing a rural migrant workers in the labor and social security system to protect the economic and political rights of migrant workers, rural land use right, building suitable for China's new mo..