毕业论文 普通车床数控改造——用微机数控技术改造最大加工直径为400mm普通车床的进给系统.doc

摘要：了解数控机床的概念，所谓数控是按照含有机床(刀具)运动信息程序所指定的顺序自动执行操作的过程。而计算机数控机床就是数控机床在计算机监控下进行工作。它的优点很多,如可以在同一机床上一次装夹可完成多个操作，生产率显著提高等优点，但它的价格昂贵。由于我国现在使用的机床大多数为普通车床，自动化程度低,要更新现有机床需要很多资金。为了解决这个问题,也为了适应多品种中、小批量零件加工我们选择机床经济型数控改造。总体设计方案：在普通车床上采用适合现场实时控制的80C51单片机为控制器，以运行特性好、可靠性高的步进电机为驱动执行元件进行数控改造。
关键词：数控、车床、改造、80C51单片机；步进电机；
Abstract:Numerical Control (NC) is any machining process in which the operations are executed automaticallu in sequences as specified by the program that contains the information for the tool movement .When Numerical Control is performed under computer supervision, it is called Computer Numerical Control (CNC).CNC machines have many advantages over conventional machines. For example, there is a possibility lf performing operations on the same machine in one setup and production is significantly increased. One of its disadvantages is that they are quite expensive. In our country conventional machine is used widely. So if the machines are replaced, there is going to need a large money. In order to agree with the development of our economy, we can reform the conventional machines. The overall master design: The way to NC improvement of general machine tool was introduced that using single-chip computer 80C51 to realize the real-time control and driving by step motor.
Key word: Numerical Control、machining、improvement、single-chip computer 80C51、step motor；


















前 言
数控机床经济型改造,实质是机械工程技术与微电子技术的结合。经改造后的机床加工的精度、效率、速度都有了很明显的提高，适合我国现在经济水平的发展要求。
本次毕业设计主要是对机床机械部分进行改造,以步进电机驱动横向进给运动、纵向进给运动以及刀架的快速换刀,使传动系统变得十分简单，传动链大大缩短,传动件数减少,从而提高机床的精度。
设计中，我们对有关数控机床及数控改造的相关书籍、刊物进行大量阅读,收集了很多资料,了解了数控机床的基本概念，数控机床的发展概况，数控机床的组成及其工作原理，扩大了我们的知识面。
随着科学技术的发展,现代机械制造要求产品的形状和结构不断改进，对零件的加工质量的要求也越来越高。随着社会对产品多样化要求的增强，产品品种增多,产品更新换代加速。数控机床代替普通机床被广泛应用是一个必然的趋势。同时，数控机床将向着更高的速度、精度、可靠性及完善性的功能发展。