配电网智能无功补偿装置的设计.rar

摘   要

随着电力系统负荷的增加，对无功功率的需求也日益增加。由于无功功率在电网中传输会造成有功损耗以及受电端电压下降，因此大量的无功功率在电网中传输必然使电能利用率大大降低且严重影响供电质量。在电网中的适当位置装设无功补偿装置成为满足电网无功需求的必要手段。
论文分析了无功补偿的原理和目的，针对当前低压无功补偿的情况，给出了无功补偿的离线优化方法，并结合辐射状电网和非辐射状电网得出相应的补偿容量。在实时补偿方面，针对不同的负荷状况,根据配电网络电容器组优化投切模型，从实时的角度研究电容器组的投切，推导出电容器组实时投切的线性整数模型以及这种模型的解法。对一些无功变化迅速的负荷，则给出直接以无功功率做控制量的简单模型。
设计了一套以80C196KB单片机为核心的智能无功补偿装置，该装置以无功功率最小作为控制策略，以电压作为约束条件。论文阐述了该控制器的硬件原理及电路图和软件框图。
关键词:有功损耗;无功补偿;80C196KB单片机

Abstract

Due to increasing loads of electric power system, demand on reactive power was also increasing. Because transmission of reactive power in electric network can lead to network loss and step-down voltage, transmission of a great deal of reactive power necessarily resulted in reduction of using efficiency of power energy and severely effected voltage quality. It became necessary means that reactive power compensation devices were installed in proper position of electric network.
This paper introduced the principle and objective of var compensation, present the model of reactive power optimization planning about low voltage system. According as radiant or other power system, the compensatory capability was gained. On real time compensation, aimed at different load condition, based the former research. This paper deduced the linear integer model for capacitor switching and gave the resolving. And introduced the simple model direct on reactive power to some load where the reactive power changed rapidly.
An intelligent device was designed for var compensation. The device took the 80C196KB single chip micro-controller as main control chip, took reactive power as control target and took voltage as restricting condition. In this paper, it expounded the principle and electric circuits of hardware and the design of software.
Key words: Power Loss; Var Compensation; 80C196KB Single Chip

 
目录

0  前言 1
1  概述 2
1.1  课题背景 2
1.2  国内外对无功功率研究 4
1.3  负荷无功补偿的目的和意义 6
1.4  目前负荷补偿的不足 7
1.5  本设计的主要工作 8
2  低压终端无功补偿的理论和补偿策略 10
2.1  负荷无功补偿原理 10
2.1.1  感性负载端并联电容器补偿 10
2.1.2  感性负载端并联同步补偿机 13
2.1.3  感性负载端串联电容器补偿 14
2.2  低压无功补偿方式 14
2.2.1  线路补偿 14
2.2.2  终端补偿 15
2.3  低压无功补偿的合理配置原则 16
2.4  低压终端无功补偿策略研究 17
2.4.1  离线补偿策略 18
2.4.2  实时动态补偿策略 21
3  控制系统的硬件设计 23
3.1  系统硬件总体结构设计 23
3.1.1  8OC196KB芯片的特点 23
3.1.2  控制器存储空间扩展 24
3.2  系统硬件的各部分组成及功能 25
3.2.1  键盘电路 25
3.2.2  显示电路 26
3.2.3  通信接口电路 26
3.2.4  数据采集通道电路 27
3.2.5  电容器组投切电路 29
4  控制系统的软件设计 31
4.1  系统总体软件设计 31
4.2  键盘显示接口软件设计 32
4.3  通信软件设计 33
4.4  数据采集软件设计 34
4.5  计算部分软件设计 34
5  控制系统的抗干扰设计 36
6  技术经济分析 38
7  结论 39
致 谢 40
参考文献 41
附录A  译文 42
附录B  外文文献 50