摩托车前减震器.doc
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摩托车前减震器,摘要减震器是车辆的关键组件，影响着车辆的行驶平顺性、乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性。阻尼特性是减震器最重要的特性参数。但是，仅通过阻尼特性来判断减震器性能的好坏是不够的。冲击力对车体的破坏主要集中在减震器的复原行程，复原阻尼对缓和冲击力、减少路面对车体的破坏作用显得更为重要。意大利比亚乔集团已经开始了减震器复原特性的研究。同时...
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摘 要
减震器是车辆的关键组件，影响着车辆的行驶平顺性、乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性。阻尼特性是减震器最重要的特性参数。但是，仅通过阻尼特性来判断减震器性能的好坏是不够的。冲击力对车体的破坏主要集中在减震器的复原行程，复原阻尼对缓和冲击力、减少路面对车体的破坏作用显得更为重要。意大利比亚乔集团已经开始了减震器复原特性的研究。同时减震器从开发设计、生产制造到检测试验都和综合反力特性有很大关联。综合反力特性和外特性共同用来验证该减震器是否满足整车性能设计要求。针对两者的重要性，本文对减震器复原特性和综合反力特性进行了研究。
本论文首先介绍了减震器建模、悬架系统建模的研究现状和测试系统的发展趋势。并且以WY125型前减震器为研究对象，绘制出其三维实体模型。在深入研究了前减震器的零件和内部构造后建立了基于动力学理论的复原特性数学模型和综合反力特性数学模型，并且分别用MATLAB/SIMULINK和LabVIEW对其进行仿真，通过调节参数，详细分析了减震器内部结构参数对其性能的影响。
本文将前减震器和悬架系统紧密结合，以前悬架为测试对象进行了复原特性和综合反力特性测试。以美国NI（National Instrument）公司的PXI总线机箱和PXI-6251数据采集卡为硬件核心，以该公司的图形化虚拟仪器开发环境LabVIEW8.2为软件核心，开发了冲击试验测试系统和综合反力试验测试系统。对某型越野车前悬架和某型踏板车前悬架进行了复原特性冲击试验和综合反力特性试验，将实测曲线与仿真结果进行比较，验证了模型的正确性，并且深入探讨了内部结构参数对减震器性能的影响。此测试系统操作方便，测试数据精度较高，为减震器的悬架测试提供了一种高效实用的新途径。
关键词 减震器；前悬架；复原特性；综合反力
Abstract
Shock absorber is the key component of the vehicle. It relates to the driving smooth, comfort and operating stabilities. Whether the performance of shock absorber is good or bad just determined by the shock absorber damping characteristics is not enough. The damage to the body from impulse force focus on the stroke recovery of shock absorber. Rebound resistance is important to ease the impulse force and reduce the damage of the body from the road. Italian Piaggio Group has embarked on the study of extension characteristics of the shock absorber. At the same time, shock absorber is related with static force from developing and design, manufacturing to testing. Static force and external characteristics both verify that whether the shock absorber meet the requirement of the vehicle performance design. Importance for both, extension characteristic and static force of shock absorber were studied in this paper.
Firstly, the current state and developing trend in the modeling of the shock absorbers and testing technology were introduced in the paper. Study with WY125-type shock absorber and draw out its three-dimensional solid model. After in-depth study of the parts of the front shock absorber and its internal structure, establish the mathematical models of extension characteristic and static force, and simulate them with MATLAB / SIMULINK and LabVIEW. Through adjusting the parameters, analysis the effect of the shock absorber parameters of the internal structure on its properties in detail.
The object of extension characteristic testing and static force testing linked shock absorber with front suspend was front suspend. The hardware core is PXI bus instrument of American National Instrument Corporation and data acquisition instrument which is in PXI while the software core is LabVIEW8.2, developed the extension characteristic testing system and static force testing system. The extension characteristic impact testing and static force testing for front suspends of a certain type of SUV and scooter was done. The actual measuring result compared with the simulated one, verify the model. Then the analysis of the influence of each parameter on shock absorber's performance was done by comparing the actual measuring results with the simulated ones. This test system provides a new method with high efficiency and applied for shock absorbers’ test return the more precise data accrued.
Keywords Shock absorber; Front suspend; Extension characteristic; Static force
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.2.1 摩托车减震器数学模型的研究现状 2
1.2.2 摩托车悬架建模的研究现状 2
1.2.3 测控系统的发展和趋势 3
1.2.4 摩托车减震器测试的现状及趋势 3
1.3 本文完成的主要内容 4
1.3.1 本文研究的意义 4
1.3.2 本文的研究内容 4
第2章 减震器三维模型的建立 6
2.1 概述 6
2.2 PRO/ENGINEER WILDFIRE 4.0简介 6
2.2.1 Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0的特点 6
2.2.2 Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0的工作环境 6
2.3 摩托车前叉液压减震器三维实体模型的建立 8
2.4 本章小结 12
第3章 摩托车减震器前悬架测试模型的建立 13
3.1 减震器的种类和工作原理 13
3.1.1 减震器的历史和种类 13
3.1.2 减震器的工作原理 13
3.2 悬架的结构与功能 16
3.2.1 摩托车悬架的结构 16
3.2.2 悬架的组成和功能 16
3.3 建立前悬架复原特性阻尼形成结构 17
3.4 建立前悬架综合反力特性测试模型 20
3.5 本章小结 23
第4章 虚拟仪器测控系统与减震器模型仿真 24
4.1 虚拟仪器概述 24
4.1.1 虚拟仪器的概念 24
4.1.2 虚拟仪器的优势 24
4.1.3 虚拟仪器的分..
减震器是车辆的关键组件，影响着车辆的行驶平顺性、乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性。阻尼特性是减震器最重要的特性参数。但是，仅通过阻尼特性来判断减震器性能的好坏是不够的。冲击力对车体的破坏主要集中在减震器的复原行程，复原阻尼对缓和冲击力、减少路面对车体的破坏作用显得更为重要。意大利比亚乔集团已经开始了减震器复原特性的研究。同时减震器从开发设计、生产制造到检测试验都和综合反力特性有很大关联。综合反力特性和外特性共同用来验证该减震器是否满足整车性能设计要求。针对两者的重要性，本文对减震器复原特性和综合反力特性进行了研究。
本论文首先介绍了减震器建模、悬架系统建模的研究现状和测试系统的发展趋势。并且以WY125型前减震器为研究对象，绘制出其三维实体模型。在深入研究了前减震器的零件和内部构造后建立了基于动力学理论的复原特性数学模型和综合反力特性数学模型，并且分别用MATLAB/SIMULINK和LabVIEW对其进行仿真，通过调节参数，详细分析了减震器内部结构参数对其性能的影响。
本文将前减震器和悬架系统紧密结合，以前悬架为测试对象进行了复原特性和综合反力特性测试。以美国NI（National Instrument）公司的PXI总线机箱和PXI-6251数据采集卡为硬件核心，以该公司的图形化虚拟仪器开发环境LabVIEW8.2为软件核心，开发了冲击试验测试系统和综合反力试验测试系统。对某型越野车前悬架和某型踏板车前悬架进行了复原特性冲击试验和综合反力特性试验，将实测曲线与仿真结果进行比较，验证了模型的正确性，并且深入探讨了内部结构参数对减震器性能的影响。此测试系统操作方便，测试数据精度较高，为减震器的悬架测试提供了一种高效实用的新途径。
关键词 减震器；前悬架；复原特性；综合反力
Abstract
Shock absorber is the key component of the vehicle. It relates to the driving smooth, comfort and operating stabilities. Whether the performance of shock absorber is good or bad just determined by the shock absorber damping characteristics is not enough. The damage to the body from impulse force focus on the stroke recovery of shock absorber. Rebound resistance is important to ease the impulse force and reduce the damage of the body from the road. Italian Piaggio Group has embarked on the study of extension characteristics of the shock absorber. At the same time, shock absorber is related with static force from developing and design, manufacturing to testing. Static force and external characteristics both verify that whether the shock absorber meet the requirement of the vehicle performance design. Importance for both, extension characteristic and static force of shock absorber were studied in this paper.
Firstly, the current state and developing trend in the modeling of the shock absorbers and testing technology were introduced in the paper. Study with WY125-type shock absorber and draw out its three-dimensional solid model. After in-depth study of the parts of the front shock absorber and its internal structure, establish the mathematical models of extension characteristic and static force, and simulate them with MATLAB / SIMULINK and LabVIEW. Through adjusting the parameters, analysis the effect of the shock absorber parameters of the internal structure on its properties in detail.
The object of extension characteristic testing and static force testing linked shock absorber with front suspend was front suspend. The hardware core is PXI bus instrument of American National Instrument Corporation and data acquisition instrument which is in PXI while the software core is LabVIEW8.2, developed the extension characteristic testing system and static force testing system. The extension characteristic impact testing and static force testing for front suspends of a certain type of SUV and scooter was done. The actual measuring result compared with the simulated one, verify the model. Then the analysis of the influence of each parameter on shock absorber's performance was done by comparing the actual measuring results with the simulated ones. This test system provides a new method with high efficiency and applied for shock absorbers’ test return the more precise data accrued.
Keywords Shock absorber; Front suspend; Extension characteristic; Static force
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.2.1 摩托车减震器数学模型的研究现状 2
1.2.2 摩托车悬架建模的研究现状 2
1.2.3 测控系统的发展和趋势 3
1.2.4 摩托车减震器测试的现状及趋势 3
1.3 本文完成的主要内容 4
1.3.1 本文研究的意义 4
1.3.2 本文的研究内容 4
第2章 减震器三维模型的建立 6
2.1 概述 6
2.2 PRO/ENGINEER WILDFIRE 4.0简介 6
2.2.1 Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0的特点 6
2.2.2 Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0的工作环境 6
2.3 摩托车前叉液压减震器三维实体模型的建立 8
2.4 本章小结 12
第3章 摩托车减震器前悬架测试模型的建立 13
3.1 减震器的种类和工作原理 13
3.1.1 减震器的历史和种类 13
3.1.2 减震器的工作原理 13
3.2 悬架的结构与功能 16
3.2.1 摩托车悬架的结构 16
3.2.2 悬架的组成和功能 16
3.3 建立前悬架复原特性阻尼形成结构 17
3.4 建立前悬架综合反力特性测试模型 20
3.5 本章小结 23
第4章 虚拟仪器测控系统与减震器模型仿真 24
4.1 虚拟仪器概述 24
4.1.1 虚拟仪器的概念 24
4.1.2 虚拟仪器的优势 24
4.1.3 虚拟仪器的分..
