半组合式船用柴油机曲轴红套.doc
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半组合式船用柴油机曲轴红套,摘要随着世界船市的变化和我国经济的发展，从二十世纪九十年代起世界造船业中心已显现了向中国转移的趋势。作为柴油机核心部件之一的曲轴，其质量的好坏对整个发动机寿命至关重要。所以开展对半组合式船用曲轴红套工艺的研究具有非常重要的意义。鉴于感应加热器具有易控制、效率高、污染少等优点，本文采用中频感应加热器加热曲轴，采用有限元方...
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摘 要
随着世界船市的变化和我国经济的发展，从二十世纪九十年代起世界造船业中心已显现了向中国转移的趋势。作为柴油机核心部件之一的曲轴，其质量的好坏对整个发动机寿命至关重要。所以开展对半组合式船用曲轴红套工艺的研究具有非常重要的意义。
鉴于感应加热器具有易控制、效率高、污染少等优点，本文采用中频感应加热器加热曲轴，采用有限元方法建立了电磁场、温度场方程，并且利用ANSYS软件对曲轴红套的感应加热过程进行了模拟。本文的主要研究内容如下：
1. 深入的研究了感应加热相关理论，主要包括：感应加热的基本原理，尤其是涡流的集肤效应和透入深度问题；感应加热数值模拟理论及有限元方法；电磁场基本定律及温度场相关理论。
2. 研究、归纳总结了ANSYS软件多场耦合分析的类型，并对曲轴红套过程中涉及到的多场耦合过程，分别确定了恰当的分析方法：电磁-热场耦合分析的物理环境法、热-结构场耦合分析的间接法。
3. 利用有限元软件ANSYS仿真了用中频感应加热器加热半组合式船用柴油机曲轴的全过程。特别是对其耦合仿真中几个关键问题进行了恰当的处理，如采用查表法解决了材料物理参数随温度的变化而改变的问题和利用物理环境法实现了电磁场、温度场两个场的循环耦合问题。
4. 利用APDL(参数化程序设计语言)编写了一套基于ANSYS的曲轴红套加热过程的命令流并对ANSYS 10.0进行了二次开发，进而可以高效率的分析不同电流密度、频率等参数对曲臂温度的影响，为红套工艺制定提供参考依据。
本文利用ANSYS软件对曲轴红套感应加热过程进行了仿真，并通过实验验证了仿真方法的正确性。同时，通过APDL对ANSYS 10.0二次开发，仿真了不同加热参数对曲臂温度的影响，确定了一组合理的曲轴红套加热参数。
关键词 曲轴；红套；数值模拟；二次开发
Abstract
With the variation of the international ship industry and the development of our country’s economy, ship building center of the world has shown the trend of shifting to China from the 1990’s. Crankshaft is one of key components of diesel, and its quality is vital to the endurance of engine. As a result, it is significant to carry out research for shrinkage fit of marine semi-built-up crankshaft.
Considering induction heater possesses advantages as easy control, high efficiency, low pollution, etc. Mid-Frequency induction heater was adopted to heat crankshaft and also equations of magnetic field and temperature field based on FEM, moreover, ANSYS software was used to simulate the heating process to shrinkage fit. The main research contents of this paper were listed as:
1. Based on the former research results, induction heating theory was introduced in detail which include: elementary principle of induction heating, especially the skin effect of eddy and depth of penetration, the theory of numerical simulation for induction heating and FEM, fundamental laws of magnetic field and correlation theory of temperature field.
2. Various types of ANSYS Multi-fields coupling analysis was studied embeddedly, as for the involved electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis in shrinkage fit process and thermal-structural coupling analysis, proper analysis method was confirmed, which are indirect method and physical environmental method.
3. The process of heating crankshaft of semi-built-up marine diesel by mid-frequency induction heater was simulated in FEM software ANSYS. Several key points of coupling simulation were properly managed particularly, for instance, the variation of material ideal parameters along with the temperature variation was settled by look-up table and the physical environment method was utilized to realize the circular coupling between magnetic field and temperature field.
4. The APDL (ANSYS parameterized programming language) was used to compile a set of command stream based on ANSYS and secondary development based on ANSYS10.0, consequently, analyzing crank arm temperature caused by different current densities and frequencies efficiently can provide reference frame for constitution of shrinkage fit technic.
ANSYS software was applied to simulate the heating process of crankshaft shrinkage fit; also the experiment has proven the correctness of the simulation method. Contemporarily, secondary development of ANSYS 10.0 was conducted by APDL, the influence of different heating parameters to crank arm temperature has been simulated, a set of crankshaft shrinkage fit heating parameters were confirmed finally.
Key words crankshaft, shrinkage fit, numerical simulation, secondary development
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 选题的背景与意义 1
1.2 感应加热技术的发展与优点 4
1.3 感应加热数值模拟国内外研究现状 6
1.4 主要研究内容和章节安排 7
1.5 本章小结 9
第2章 感应加热基本理论和数学模型 10
2.1 感应加热基本理论 10
2.1.1 感应加热的原理 10
2.1.2 集肤效应 11
2.1.3 透入深度 12
2.2 电磁场的有限元数学模型 13
2.2.1 电磁场基本方程 13
2.2.2 Maxwell方程组的微分形式 14
2.2.3 电磁场中常见的边界条件 16
2.2.4 基于磁矢量位的感应加热涡流场方程 17
2.3 温度场的有限元数学模型 20
2.3.1 温度场基本理论 20
2.3.2 感应加热温度场有限元方程 21
2.4 本章小结 24
第3章 曲轴红套的数值模拟及其关键技术问题处理 25
3.1 数值计算法 25
3.2 有限元法 27
..
随着世界船市的变化和我国经济的发展，从二十世纪九十年代起世界造船业中心已显现了向中国转移的趋势。作为柴油机核心部件之一的曲轴，其质量的好坏对整个发动机寿命至关重要。所以开展对半组合式船用曲轴红套工艺的研究具有非常重要的意义。
鉴于感应加热器具有易控制、效率高、污染少等优点，本文采用中频感应加热器加热曲轴，采用有限元方法建立了电磁场、温度场方程，并且利用ANSYS软件对曲轴红套的感应加热过程进行了模拟。本文的主要研究内容如下：
1. 深入的研究了感应加热相关理论，主要包括：感应加热的基本原理，尤其是涡流的集肤效应和透入深度问题；感应加热数值模拟理论及有限元方法；电磁场基本定律及温度场相关理论。
2. 研究、归纳总结了ANSYS软件多场耦合分析的类型，并对曲轴红套过程中涉及到的多场耦合过程，分别确定了恰当的分析方法：电磁-热场耦合分析的物理环境法、热-结构场耦合分析的间接法。
3. 利用有限元软件ANSYS仿真了用中频感应加热器加热半组合式船用柴油机曲轴的全过程。特别是对其耦合仿真中几个关键问题进行了恰当的处理，如采用查表法解决了材料物理参数随温度的变化而改变的问题和利用物理环境法实现了电磁场、温度场两个场的循环耦合问题。
4. 利用APDL(参数化程序设计语言)编写了一套基于ANSYS的曲轴红套加热过程的命令流并对ANSYS 10.0进行了二次开发，进而可以高效率的分析不同电流密度、频率等参数对曲臂温度的影响，为红套工艺制定提供参考依据。
本文利用ANSYS软件对曲轴红套感应加热过程进行了仿真，并通过实验验证了仿真方法的正确性。同时，通过APDL对ANSYS 10.0二次开发，仿真了不同加热参数对曲臂温度的影响，确定了一组合理的曲轴红套加热参数。
关键词 曲轴；红套；数值模拟；二次开发
Abstract
With the variation of the international ship industry and the development of our country’s economy, ship building center of the world has shown the trend of shifting to China from the 1990’s. Crankshaft is one of key components of diesel, and its quality is vital to the endurance of engine. As a result, it is significant to carry out research for shrinkage fit of marine semi-built-up crankshaft.
Considering induction heater possesses advantages as easy control, high efficiency, low pollution, etc. Mid-Frequency induction heater was adopted to heat crankshaft and also equations of magnetic field and temperature field based on FEM, moreover, ANSYS software was used to simulate the heating process to shrinkage fit. The main research contents of this paper were listed as:
1. Based on the former research results, induction heating theory was introduced in detail which include: elementary principle of induction heating, especially the skin effect of eddy and depth of penetration, the theory of numerical simulation for induction heating and FEM, fundamental laws of magnetic field and correlation theory of temperature field.
2. Various types of ANSYS Multi-fields coupling analysis was studied embeddedly, as for the involved electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis in shrinkage fit process and thermal-structural coupling analysis, proper analysis method was confirmed, which are indirect method and physical environmental method.
3. The process of heating crankshaft of semi-built-up marine diesel by mid-frequency induction heater was simulated in FEM software ANSYS. Several key points of coupling simulation were properly managed particularly, for instance, the variation of material ideal parameters along with the temperature variation was settled by look-up table and the physical environment method was utilized to realize the circular coupling between magnetic field and temperature field.
4. The APDL (ANSYS parameterized programming language) was used to compile a set of command stream based on ANSYS and secondary development based on ANSYS10.0, consequently, analyzing crank arm temperature caused by different current densities and frequencies efficiently can provide reference frame for constitution of shrinkage fit technic.
ANSYS software was applied to simulate the heating process of crankshaft shrinkage fit; also the experiment has proven the correctness of the simulation method. Contemporarily, secondary development of ANSYS 10.0 was conducted by APDL, the influence of different heating parameters to crank arm temperature has been simulated, a set of crankshaft shrinkage fit heating parameters were confirmed finally.
Key words crankshaft, shrinkage fit, numerical simulation, secondary development
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 选题的背景与意义 1
1.2 感应加热技术的发展与优点 4
1.3 感应加热数值模拟国内外研究现状 6
1.4 主要研究内容和章节安排 7
1.5 本章小结 9
第2章 感应加热基本理论和数学模型 10
2.1 感应加热基本理论 10
2.1.1 感应加热的原理 10
2.1.2 集肤效应 11
2.1.3 透入深度 12
2.2 电磁场的有限元数学模型 13
2.2.1 电磁场基本方程 13
2.2.2 Maxwell方程组的微分形式 14
2.2.3 电磁场中常见的边界条件 16
2.2.4 基于磁矢量位的感应加热涡流场方程 17
2.3 温度场的有限元数学模型 20
2.3.1 温度场基本理论 20
2.3.2 感应加热温度场有限元方程 21
2.4 本章小结 24
第3章 曲轴红套的数值模拟及其关键技术问题处理 25
3.1 数值计算法 25
3.2 有限元法 27
..
