海上风电吊装装备金属.doc

摘 要
在当今能源高度紧张的情况下，风力发电是世界各国重力投入的项目，风机安装是风力发电的关键技术，用于风机安装的起重机对起重能力和起吊高度上有更高的要求，而海上风机安装相比于陆地上有较高的难度，所以各国投入大量的人力、物力用于风电吊装装备的研发。在风电安装过程中起重机承受很大冲击载荷等因素影响，将直接影响风电安装安全性，因此本文对用于风电吊装的起重机进行了强度等关键技术研究，主要的研究内容有：
1) 起重机关键金属结构强度和刚度分析
通过起重机经典理论的分析，完成了起重能力460吨、起吊高度100米的起重机设计，并根据起重机经典校核理论对其进行了校核。建立起重机金属结构的有限元模型，根据起重机的危险工况对模型进行加载和约束，对该模型进行静态分析，得到起重机各部分金属结构在危险工况下的应力云图和位移云图，掌握了各部分金属结构应力集中和危险区域，为起重机的设计提供了参考依据。
2) 起重机重要金属结构吊臂的模态分析
通过对吊臂系统进行模态分析，得到前6阶的振型图和振动频率来反应吊臂的振动特性。通过对起重机系统工作时马达启动、货物偏摆等情况振动现象的研究，将得到的结果与模态分析得出的吊臂的固有频率进行比较分析，验证吊臂结构设计的合理性。
3) 起重机重要金属结构吊臂瞬态特性分析
运用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对吊臂在不同启动方式下产生的不同冲击载荷进行了瞬时动态特性分析，得到了吊臂在冲击载荷极限工况下的应力云图和位移云图以及危险部位。最后，通过对四种起升工况下的吊臂进行瞬时动力学分析，获得了不同启动情况下的吊臂系统垂直方向位移、速度、加速度以及吊重所受合力随时间历程响应。此次分析给操作人员提供了起重机的工作情况，为以后的起重机设计工作者提供参考，也进一步验证了本文设计起重机建模、求解过程的正确性。

关键词 起重机设计计算；静力计算；模态分析；瞬态特性分析





































Abstract
In the current situation of energy crisis, wind-power generation is the project devoted strongly by different counties in the world. Wind installation is the pivotal technology for wind-power generation. The crane which is used to install wind-power generator, requires high lifting capacity and lifting height. Wind-power installation on the sea is more difficult than on the land, so all the countries invest a lot of people and fund to study the wind-power lifting equipment. In the process of installing wind-power generator, many factors like the great impact act on crane, which will affects the safety of wind-power installation directly. Therefore, this article studied many important techniques including stress of the crane which is used to lift wind-power generator. The main research work contains:
1) Strength and stiffness analysis of crane’s critical metal structure
Through analyzing the classical theory of crane, the design and verification based on the crane’s classical theory of a crane which has 460 tones lifting capacity and 100 meters lifting height were completed. Finite element model of the metal structure was established. According to the analysis of dangerous working condition, constraints and loads of the crane were accomplished. Through static analysis of the crane boom, stress and displacement plots of different integrant metal structure in the dangerous working condition were gained. The stress concentration and the danger zone of these parts were achieved, which provides a reference for designing cranes.
2) Modal analysis of crane boom
Through analyzing the modal of crane boom system, foremost 6-order type reaction and vibrational frequency which reflect the vibration property of crane boom were obtained. The results gained by studying the vibration caused by motor start or cargo deflection when crane system is working, was compared with the natural frequency of crane boom obtained from modal analysis. The comparing result proves that the design of crane boom structure is reasonable.
3) Transient analysis of crane boom
Finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to analyze the transient characteristics of crane boom in different start-up modes and impact loads. The stress and displacement plot and dangerous part in the impact loading condition were gained. Finally, through the transient dynamic analysis of crane boom in four kinds of lifting condition, vertical displacement, velocity and acceleration and response of lifting load suffered over time course were obtained when crane boom system was in different start situation. The analysis provides the working condition of crane for operators and reference for future designers of cranes, which verifies the correctness of the modeling and solution of crane in this paper further.

Keywords design and calculation of crane, static analysis, modal analysis, transient characteristic analysis


目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract III
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景、目的和意义 1
1.2 国内外研究状况 1
1.2.1 国内外起重机发展状况 1
1.2.2 船用起重机的国内外发展状况 6
1.3 论文的结构和研究内容 7
1.3.1 论文结构 7
1.3.2 研究的内容 7
第2章 有限元理论及其软件介绍 9
2.1 大吨位桁架式吊臂的经典计..