测量船水下噪声预报及减振.doc
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测量船水下噪声预报及减振,摘要随着海洋资源需求的增长，用于海底石油、海洋环境、海洋生物以及海底地貌调查的各种测量船近年来受到关注。由于测量船大多需要借助于水声设备对海洋资源进行探测，其自身的振动噪声需要严格控制，从而对船舶的减振降噪提出了较高的设计要求。对于高性能的测量船，需要在设计阶段，就能对未来的船体振动以及辐射噪声进行预报，以便改进结构，...
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摘 要
随着海洋资源需求的增长，用于海底石油、海洋环境、海洋生物以及海底地貌调查的各种测量船近年来受到关注。由于测量船大多需要借助于水声设备对海洋资源进行探测，其自身的振动噪声需要严格控制，从而对船舶的减振降噪提出了较高的设计要求。对于高性能的测量船，需要在设计阶段，就能对未来的船体振动以及辐射噪声进行预报，以便改进结构，评估并且确定船舶减振降噪的设计方案。
本文以某测量船为背景，借助于有限元技术对其振动特性进行分析，结合声学边界元技术进行低频水声预报，并根据统计能量分析思想，对中高频段的水下辐射特性进行研究及预报。在此基础上，研究控制船舶结构振动和降低水下噪声的途径，并根据工程实际需要对MSC.PATRAN进行振动响应分析的二次开发。
本文主要包括以下几方面的内容：第一，利用有限元软件，建立了测量船的整船有限元模型，基于模态分析得到船体的固有特性，进而研究了船体在主机激励下的振动特性，在此基础上进行船舶减振技术及方案研究；第二，采用有限元和边界元相结合的方法，建立了船壳水下结构的流-固耦合模型，研究低频段水下壳体振动的动力学特性以及水下声辐射特性，并进行测量船的水下噪声控制研究；第三，利用统计能量法建立测量船的统计能量模型，对中高频段船体结构的水下声辐射进行预报；第四，基于PCL的振动噪声预报软件开发，对主机加载、频响分析及低频段的水下噪声预报进行二次开发技术研究。
关键词：船体振动；水下声辐射；有限元；边界元；PCL
Abstract
With the growth in demand for marine resources which used for offshore oil, marine environment, marine life and seabed topography measurement, various survey ships are paied so much attention recent years. The vibration and noise of the survey ship need strict control because it need the help of acoustic equipment to detect marine resources, as a result, higher standards for the vibration and noise reduction of ship design are proposed. For high-performance survey ship, in the design stage, the prediction for vibration and noise are needed in order to improve the ship structure, make assessment and decisions on the ship vibration and noise reduction design.
A survey ship was taken as the research object. The harmonic response analyses of its main acoustic and vibration source had been taken out by means of the FEM software. Underwater acoustic forecast in low frequency band was carried out combined with acoustic BEM software. The research and prediction of underwater acoustic radiation characteristics in mid and high frequency band were conducted by using SEA. On this basis, the methods to control ship structure vibration and reduce underwater acoustic were researched, and in accordance with engineering requirements, the software secondary development has been made on the harmonic response analyses.
This article includes the following aspects: First, a survey ship finite element model was established with the finite element software, the inherent characteristics of the hull was got based on modal analysis, then the harmonic response analyses of its main vibration source had been taken out by means of the FEM . Second, study on the dynamics vibration and underwater sound radiation characteristics on the flow-structure interaction model of the underwater shell structure with FEM combined with BEM, and research on the methods to reduce underwater acoustic. Third, research and prediction of underwater acoustic radiation characteristics in mid and high frequency band were conducted by using statistical energy analysis on the statistical energy model of the survey ship. Fourth, based on the PCL, the software secondary development has been made on the harmonic response analyses of its main load and underwater radiated noise forecast at low frequency.
Key word: hull vibration; underwater acoustic radiation; FEM; BEM; PCL
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究目的和意义 1
1.2国内外研究进展综述 2
1.2.1 船舶振动控制技术 2
1.2.2 船舶噪声预报技术 3
1.3 本文研究的主要内容和方法 6
第2章 船舶结构振动声辐射理论和方法 8
2.1 船舶结构振动理论和有限元分析技术 8
2.2 水下声辐射理论和边界元分析技术 13
2.3 统计能量分析理论和方法 17
第3章 测量船结构的振动特性研究 20
3.1 船体结构的有限元建模和模态分析 20
3.1.1 船体结构的有限元建模 20
3.1.2 船体的振动模态分析 21
3.2 船体结构的振动响应分析 23
3.2.1主机舱振动响应分析 24
3.2.2 船体振动响应分析 27
3.3 船体结构的减振研究 38
3.4 本章小结 41
第4章 测量船的水下声辐射特性研究 42
4.1边界元法对船体结构的声辐射分析 42
4.1.1 船体流固耦合体的边界元建模 42
4.1.2 船体结构水下声辐射分析 43
4.2 测量船低频段的水下噪声控制研究 47
4.3 测量船的中高频段的辐射噪声预报 48
4.3.1 利用统计能量分析方法的船体结构建模 48
4.3.2 统计能量分析噪声预报 49
4.4本章小结 50
第5章 基于PCL和DMAP的振动噪声预报软件开发 51
5.1 船舶振动噪声预报软件开发的意义 51
5.2 PCL语言和DMAP语言的功能及特点 51
5.3 二次开发的原理及程序设计 53
5.3.1 用户程序的编译与连接 53
5.3.2 用户界面（窗口、菜单等）的形成 54
5.3.3 数据交换 55
5.3.4 子函数和子程序的编写 55
5.4测量船振动噪声预报软件二次开发的实现 55
结 论 64
参考文献 67
随着海洋资源需求的增长，用于海底石油、海洋环境、海洋生物以及海底地貌调查的各种测量船近年来受到关注。由于测量船大多需要借助于水声设备对海洋资源进行探测，其自身的振动噪声需要严格控制，从而对船舶的减振降噪提出了较高的设计要求。对于高性能的测量船，需要在设计阶段，就能对未来的船体振动以及辐射噪声进行预报，以便改进结构，评估并且确定船舶减振降噪的设计方案。
本文以某测量船为背景，借助于有限元技术对其振动特性进行分析，结合声学边界元技术进行低频水声预报，并根据统计能量分析思想，对中高频段的水下辐射特性进行研究及预报。在此基础上，研究控制船舶结构振动和降低水下噪声的途径，并根据工程实际需要对MSC.PATRAN进行振动响应分析的二次开发。
本文主要包括以下几方面的内容：第一，利用有限元软件，建立了测量船的整船有限元模型，基于模态分析得到船体的固有特性，进而研究了船体在主机激励下的振动特性，在此基础上进行船舶减振技术及方案研究；第二，采用有限元和边界元相结合的方法，建立了船壳水下结构的流-固耦合模型，研究低频段水下壳体振动的动力学特性以及水下声辐射特性，并进行测量船的水下噪声控制研究；第三，利用统计能量法建立测量船的统计能量模型，对中高频段船体结构的水下声辐射进行预报；第四，基于PCL的振动噪声预报软件开发，对主机加载、频响分析及低频段的水下噪声预报进行二次开发技术研究。
关键词：船体振动；水下声辐射；有限元；边界元；PCL
Abstract
With the growth in demand for marine resources which used for offshore oil, marine environment, marine life and seabed topography measurement, various survey ships are paied so much attention recent years. The vibration and noise of the survey ship need strict control because it need the help of acoustic equipment to detect marine resources, as a result, higher standards for the vibration and noise reduction of ship design are proposed. For high-performance survey ship, in the design stage, the prediction for vibration and noise are needed in order to improve the ship structure, make assessment and decisions on the ship vibration and noise reduction design.
A survey ship was taken as the research object. The harmonic response analyses of its main acoustic and vibration source had been taken out by means of the FEM software. Underwater acoustic forecast in low frequency band was carried out combined with acoustic BEM software. The research and prediction of underwater acoustic radiation characteristics in mid and high frequency band were conducted by using SEA. On this basis, the methods to control ship structure vibration and reduce underwater acoustic were researched, and in accordance with engineering requirements, the software secondary development has been made on the harmonic response analyses.
This article includes the following aspects: First, a survey ship finite element model was established with the finite element software, the inherent characteristics of the hull was got based on modal analysis, then the harmonic response analyses of its main vibration source had been taken out by means of the FEM . Second, study on the dynamics vibration and underwater sound radiation characteristics on the flow-structure interaction model of the underwater shell structure with FEM combined with BEM, and research on the methods to reduce underwater acoustic. Third, research and prediction of underwater acoustic radiation characteristics in mid and high frequency band were conducted by using statistical energy analysis on the statistical energy model of the survey ship. Fourth, based on the PCL, the software secondary development has been made on the harmonic response analyses of its main load and underwater radiated noise forecast at low frequency.
Key word: hull vibration; underwater acoustic radiation; FEM; BEM; PCL
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究目的和意义 1
1.2国内外研究进展综述 2
1.2.1 船舶振动控制技术 2
1.2.2 船舶噪声预报技术 3
1.3 本文研究的主要内容和方法 6
第2章 船舶结构振动声辐射理论和方法 8
2.1 船舶结构振动理论和有限元分析技术 8
2.2 水下声辐射理论和边界元分析技术 13
2.3 统计能量分析理论和方法 17
第3章 测量船结构的振动特性研究 20
3.1 船体结构的有限元建模和模态分析 20
3.1.1 船体结构的有限元建模 20
3.1.2 船体的振动模态分析 21
3.2 船体结构的振动响应分析 23
3.2.1主机舱振动响应分析 24
3.2.2 船体振动响应分析 27
3.3 船体结构的减振研究 38
3.4 本章小结 41
第4章 测量船的水下声辐射特性研究 42
4.1边界元法对船体结构的声辐射分析 42
4.1.1 船体流固耦合体的边界元建模 42
4.1.2 船体结构水下声辐射分析 43
4.2 测量船低频段的水下噪声控制研究 47
4.3 测量船的中高频段的辐射噪声预报 48
4.3.1 利用统计能量分析方法的船体结构建模 48
4.3.2 统计能量分析噪声预报 49
4.4本章小结 50
第5章 基于PCL和DMAP的振动噪声预报软件开发 51
5.1 船舶振动噪声预报软件开发的意义 51
5.2 PCL语言和DMAP语言的功能及特点 51
5.3 二次开发的原理及程序设计 53
5.3.1 用户程序的编译与连接 53
5.3.2 用户界面（窗口、菜单等）的形成 54
5.3.3 数据交换 55
5.3.4 子函数和子程序的编写 55
5.4测量船振动噪声预报软件二次开发的实现 55
结 论 64
参考文献 67
