某散货船机舱火灾.doc
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某散货船机舱火灾,摘 要船舶火灾是火灾中的一种，它是船舶海难中较常见且危险性较大的一种事故。一方面是因为船舶火灾难以自救，而且船上现有的人力和设备有限。另一方面，船体内部结构复杂、分舱多、货物密集，消防器材不易到达且回旋余地小，使火灾的施救工作活动范围受到影响和限制，扑救条件恶劣。散货船在我国船舶制造业中占有很大的份额，所以散货船机舱火...
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摘 要
船舶火灾是火灾中的一种，它是船舶海难中较常见且危险性较大的一种事故。一方面是因为船舶火灾难以自救，而且船上现有的人力和设备有限。另一方面，船体内部结构复杂、分舱多、货物密集，消防器材不易到达且回旋余地小，使火灾的施救工作活动范围受到影响和限制，扑救条件恶劣。散货船在我国船舶制造业中占有很大的份额，所以散货船机舱火灾的研究对于深入了解机舱火灾，尤其是机舱防火和机舱灭火意义重大。
本文以FDS软件为平台，建立了某散货船机舱模型，采用大涡模拟的方法对机舱火灾的发生和发展过程进行计算模拟。文中对散货船机舱火灾进行了以下研究：
(1)给出了机舱火灾燃烧的数学模型，阐述了大涡模拟的基本思想，提供了机舱火灾模拟研究的理论依据；
(2)在软件中建立了散货船机舱火灾的物理模型，并对火灾的起因分析和火源点的设定，机舱火灾边界条件的设定，以及并行计算等方面进行了研究分析；
(3)对机舱火灾进行计算模拟，得出不同时刻、不同高度时的烟气运动与火焰蔓延的变化规律，以及舱内温度场、碳烟质量浓度和CO浓度等分布情况，直观反映了散货船机舱火灾的发生和发展过程，相对传统经验层次的研究更具有直观性和实用性；
(4)对机舱火灾中运动中顶棚射流和烟气卷吸运动现象进行了模拟研究，分析了顶棚射流与烟气卷吸运动对于火灾中烟气运动的影响；
(5)分别以多层几何结构船舶机舱、无通风管路多层几何结构船舶机舱及单层几何结构船舶机舱为研究对象，对三种结构中的流速场、氧气浓度分布、火焰传播速度及净热通量进行比较研究，分析了在多层结构中火灾的特点；
本文对散货船机舱火灾进行了研究，在此研究领域有一定的新意，并以期通过这项研究，为散货船以及相似船型的机舱防火策略、机舱灭火和人员逃生提供参考。
关键词：散货船 机舱火灾 大涡模拟 烟气卷吸 多层结构
ABSTRACT
Ship fire is a kind of fire. It is a common shipwreck with high risk. On the one hand, it is difficult for people on the ship to save themselves, and the manpower and equipments on board are limited. On the other hand, because of the complex internal structure of the cabin, hard-to-reach fire fighting equipment and little room for maneuvering, the fire rescue scope is badly affected and the rescue conditions are horrible. Bulk ship accounts for a large share of the manufacturing sector in China, so the research for cabin fire of bulk ship is extremely important and meaningful in helping people understand cabin fire better, especially in fire prevention and fire elimination.
The model of bulk cabin is established based on the FDS platform, and used the method of large eddy simulation to the computer simulation for occurrence and development of cabin fire. It has given the following researches in cabin fire of bulk ship:
(1)It has given the math model of cabin fire burning, explained the basic idea of large eddy simulation, and provided theoretical basis for cabin fire simulation research;
(2)It has set up the physical model for cabin fire of bulk ship, analyzed the cause of the fire, set the fire point and the boundary condition of the cabin fire, and researched other aspects of parallel computing in the software;
(3)Through the computer simulation of cabin fire, it has gotten the variation rule of the smoke movement and flame spread at different times and different heights, and the distribution of the cabin temperature, the soot and CO concentration, which directly reflects the occurrence and development process of cabin fire in bulk ship, and is relatively more intuitive and practical compared to traditional research;
(4) It has put up simulation studies for the ceiling jet smoke and entrainment motion phenomena of cabin fire in bulk ship, and analyzed these phenomena’s effects to the smoke movement in the fire;
(5) It has treated the multi-layer geometry structure ship cabin, no ventilation pipe geometry structure ship cabin and monolayer geometry structure ship cabin as the research objects, to analyze the characteristics of fire in multi-layer structure through the comparison research on the flow field, oxygen concentration, the flame propagation speed and net heat flux among the above three structures;
This paper has done the research for cabin fire of bulk ship, which promotes new conception in this aspect. This research is supposed to provide reference to the tactics of fire prevention and elimination as well as people escapement for bulk ships and the similar type ships.
Keywords: bulk ship; cabin fire; large eddy simulation; entrainment motion; multi-layer structure
目 录
摘 要 1
ABSTRACT III
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 本文研究目的及意义 1
1.2国内外的研究现状与发展趋势 1
1.2.1 国内方面 1
1.2.2 国外方面 2
1.3 研究内容与研究方法 3
1.4 本章小结 5
第2章 室内燃烧的数学模型 6
2.1 大涡模拟及其控制方程 6
2.2 流体动力学方程 9
2.2.1 基础方程 9
2.2.2 低马赫数假定和状态方程 11
2.2.3 通过离散的质量与能量联合方程 12
2.2.4 动量方程的简化 13
2.2.5 压力方程（泊松方程） 14
2.3 燃烧数学模型 14
2.3.1 混合分数燃烧模型 15
..
船舶火灾是火灾中的一种，它是船舶海难中较常见且危险性较大的一种事故。一方面是因为船舶火灾难以自救，而且船上现有的人力和设备有限。另一方面，船体内部结构复杂、分舱多、货物密集，消防器材不易到达且回旋余地小，使火灾的施救工作活动范围受到影响和限制，扑救条件恶劣。散货船在我国船舶制造业中占有很大的份额，所以散货船机舱火灾的研究对于深入了解机舱火灾，尤其是机舱防火和机舱灭火意义重大。
本文以FDS软件为平台，建立了某散货船机舱模型，采用大涡模拟的方法对机舱火灾的发生和发展过程进行计算模拟。文中对散货船机舱火灾进行了以下研究：
(1)给出了机舱火灾燃烧的数学模型，阐述了大涡模拟的基本思想，提供了机舱火灾模拟研究的理论依据；
(2)在软件中建立了散货船机舱火灾的物理模型，并对火灾的起因分析和火源点的设定，机舱火灾边界条件的设定，以及并行计算等方面进行了研究分析；
(3)对机舱火灾进行计算模拟，得出不同时刻、不同高度时的烟气运动与火焰蔓延的变化规律，以及舱内温度场、碳烟质量浓度和CO浓度等分布情况，直观反映了散货船机舱火灾的发生和发展过程，相对传统经验层次的研究更具有直观性和实用性；
(4)对机舱火灾中运动中顶棚射流和烟气卷吸运动现象进行了模拟研究，分析了顶棚射流与烟气卷吸运动对于火灾中烟气运动的影响；
(5)分别以多层几何结构船舶机舱、无通风管路多层几何结构船舶机舱及单层几何结构船舶机舱为研究对象，对三种结构中的流速场、氧气浓度分布、火焰传播速度及净热通量进行比较研究，分析了在多层结构中火灾的特点；
本文对散货船机舱火灾进行了研究，在此研究领域有一定的新意，并以期通过这项研究，为散货船以及相似船型的机舱防火策略、机舱灭火和人员逃生提供参考。
关键词：散货船 机舱火灾 大涡模拟 烟气卷吸 多层结构
ABSTRACT
Ship fire is a kind of fire. It is a common shipwreck with high risk. On the one hand, it is difficult for people on the ship to save themselves, and the manpower and equipments on board are limited. On the other hand, because of the complex internal structure of the cabin, hard-to-reach fire fighting equipment and little room for maneuvering, the fire rescue scope is badly affected and the rescue conditions are horrible. Bulk ship accounts for a large share of the manufacturing sector in China, so the research for cabin fire of bulk ship is extremely important and meaningful in helping people understand cabin fire better, especially in fire prevention and fire elimination.
The model of bulk cabin is established based on the FDS platform, and used the method of large eddy simulation to the computer simulation for occurrence and development of cabin fire. It has given the following researches in cabin fire of bulk ship:
(1)It has given the math model of cabin fire burning, explained the basic idea of large eddy simulation, and provided theoretical basis for cabin fire simulation research;
(2)It has set up the physical model for cabin fire of bulk ship, analyzed the cause of the fire, set the fire point and the boundary condition of the cabin fire, and researched other aspects of parallel computing in the software;
(3)Through the computer simulation of cabin fire, it has gotten the variation rule of the smoke movement and flame spread at different times and different heights, and the distribution of the cabin temperature, the soot and CO concentration, which directly reflects the occurrence and development process of cabin fire in bulk ship, and is relatively more intuitive and practical compared to traditional research;
(4) It has put up simulation studies for the ceiling jet smoke and entrainment motion phenomena of cabin fire in bulk ship, and analyzed these phenomena’s effects to the smoke movement in the fire;
(5) It has treated the multi-layer geometry structure ship cabin, no ventilation pipe geometry structure ship cabin and monolayer geometry structure ship cabin as the research objects, to analyze the characteristics of fire in multi-layer structure through the comparison research on the flow field, oxygen concentration, the flame propagation speed and net heat flux among the above three structures;
This paper has done the research for cabin fire of bulk ship, which promotes new conception in this aspect. This research is supposed to provide reference to the tactics of fire prevention and elimination as well as people escapement for bulk ships and the similar type ships.
Keywords: bulk ship; cabin fire; large eddy simulation; entrainment motion; multi-layer structure
目 录
摘 要 1
ABSTRACT III
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 本文研究目的及意义 1
1.2国内外的研究现状与发展趋势 1
1.2.1 国内方面 1
1.2.2 国外方面 2
1.3 研究内容与研究方法 3
1.4 本章小结 5
第2章 室内燃烧的数学模型 6
2.1 大涡模拟及其控制方程 6
2.2 流体动力学方程 9
2.2.1 基础方程 9
2.2.2 低马赫数假定和状态方程 11
2.2.3 通过离散的质量与能量联合方程 12
2.2.4 动量方程的简化 13
2.2.5 压力方程（泊松方程） 14
2.3 燃烧数学模型 14
2.3.1 混合分数燃烧模型 15
..
