基于kiva-3v某船用中速柴油机.doc
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基于kiva-3v某船用中速柴油机,摘要随着国内外对环境保护的要求越来越高，人们对船用柴油机的性能也提出了愈来愈苛刻的要求，既要其输出功率大、比燃料消耗少，又要符合目前日益严格的排放法规要求。柴油机的缸内燃烧是影响其经济性、动力性和排放性的主要因素，用实验方法来研究柴油机的缸内工作过程要求有专门的设备，并且由于实验条件涉及燃烧，除了个别专门实验室有条件提...
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摘 要
随着国内外对环境保护的要求越来越高，人们对船用柴油机的性能也提出了愈来愈苛刻的要求，既要其输出功率大、比燃料消耗少，又要符合目前日益严格的排放法规要求。柴油机的缸内燃烧是影响其经济性、动力性和排放性的主要因素，用实验方法来研究柴油机的缸内工作过程要求有专门的设备，并且由于实验条件涉及燃烧，除了个别专门实验室有条件提供测试外，大多数测试都是难以进行的，所以存在一定的局限性。因此开展用数值仿真模拟的方法研究柴油机燃烧的过程成为了当前内燃机界研究的一项的重点。
本文利用KIVA-3V程序，以L21/31船用中速柴油机为研究对象，对其缸内过程进行数值计算研究。分别用KIVA-3V程序的前处理网格生成器K3PREP与专业划分网格软件ANSYS ICEM-CFD对L21/31型船用中速柴油机建立网格模型，选择了更为合理的模型，并且通过与原机的实测压力值和NOx排放值与计算值进行对比，验证了所建模型的正确性。在此基础上，改变柴油机的转速、负荷、喷油提前角和进气延迟角等工况参数，研究参数变化对该柴油机缸内过程、整机性能和有害排放物NOx与CO的生成规律及空间分布规律的影响。
针对2011年IMO实施的第二阶段的NOx排放限制，以及2016年即将实施的第三阶段的NOx排放限制，本文在KIVA-3V程序的燃料库中添加液态DME的物性参数，选用液态DME燃料替代柴油，分析了DME对L21/31型船用中速机NOx排放的影响；并在此基础上研究了负荷和喷油提前角对L21/31型船用中速机燃用DME时的NOx的排放的影响规律，为此机型在2016年以后满足IMO Tier Ⅲ的NOx排放标准提供了有价值的参考，同时为企业对该机型的改型设计提供理论依据。
关键词 KIVA-3V；数值模拟；船用中速柴油机；燃烧过程；二甲醚(DME)
ABSTRACT
With higher requirements for environment protection at home and abroad, people hope to gain a power plant, which needs less energy but releases less pollution emissions. From this point of view, more and more stringent requirements are put forward to the performance of marine diesel engine, such as the greater output power, less fuel consumption rate, and at the same time, the engine must conform to the present ever more stringent emission regulations. The cylinder combustion affects the economic performance, the dynamic performance and the main factors for emissions of diesel engines. Because the experimental method of studying the diesel engine cylinder work process demands special equipments, and the experimental condition involves burning, apart from special laboratory can provide the test conditions, most experimental methods are hard to conduct. So using experimental method to study the work of the diesel engine in cylinder has some limitations. Therefore launching a numerical simulation method research on the combustion process of diesel engine has been a hot topic in internal combustion engine industry.
L21/31 marine medium-speed diesel is taken as the research object and KIVA-3V program is used to simulate the cylinder combustion progress in it. To generate the diesel’s grid meshes, the K3PREP generator and ANSYS ICEM-CFD software are used respectively. By comparing the measured pressures and NOx emissions with two calculated results, ICEM-CFD model is chosen for the more reasonable model, meanwhile the accuracy of this model has also proved successful. On this basis, the main emphasis is placed on the influence of four factors including speed, load, fuel injection advance angle and inlet delay angle on how these parameters effect on the cylinder process, dynamic performance and spatial distribution of harmful emissions such as NOx and CO of the diesel engine.
Aimed at NOx emissions limits of the second stage which implemented by IMO in 2011, and that of the upcoming third stage in 2016, this paper adds physical parameters of liquid DME to fuel libery of KIVA-3V program. We chose liquid DME as a substitute for diesel fuel, analysed the influence of DME on L21/31 type of marine medium speed machine NOx emissions. On the basis, reducing the load and delaying the fuel injection advance angle to research how these two parameters effect on the NOx emission value with DME fuel. Then we can forecast whether this type of engine can meet the standard of the third stage NOx emissions after 2016, and provide a theoretical basis for enterprise to retrofit the design of the model in this paper.
Key word KIVA-3V, numerical simulation, Marine medium-speed diesel, combustion process, dymethyl ether (DME)
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT III
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 选题的理论意义及实用价值 1
1.2 数值模拟的国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
1.2.1 国外技术发展情况 2
1.2.2 国内技术发展情况 4
1.3 KIVA程序的研究现状及发展趋势 6
1.4 本文的主要研究工作 8
1.5 本章小结 8
第2章 柴油机燃烧过程的基本理论 9
2.1 主要控制方程 9
2.1.1 组分方程与连续方程（质量守恒方程） 10
2.1.2 动量守恒方程 10
2.1.3 能量守恒方程 11
2.1.4 理想状态方程 12
2.1.5 化学守恒方程 12
2.2 湍流模型 13
2.2.1 标准k-ε双方程 13
2.2.2 （RNG）k-ε湍流模型 14
2.2.3 亚网格尺度（SGS）模型 14
2.3 液滴喷雾模型 14
2.4 氮氧化物生成模型 16
2.5 边界条件 17
2.6 本章小结 18
第3章 L21/31船用中速柴油机缸内过程数值计算 19
3.1 L21/31船用中速柴油机的主要结构参数 19
3.2 燃烧室网格的生成 20..
随着国内外对环境保护的要求越来越高，人们对船用柴油机的性能也提出了愈来愈苛刻的要求，既要其输出功率大、比燃料消耗少，又要符合目前日益严格的排放法规要求。柴油机的缸内燃烧是影响其经济性、动力性和排放性的主要因素，用实验方法来研究柴油机的缸内工作过程要求有专门的设备，并且由于实验条件涉及燃烧，除了个别专门实验室有条件提供测试外，大多数测试都是难以进行的，所以存在一定的局限性。因此开展用数值仿真模拟的方法研究柴油机燃烧的过程成为了当前内燃机界研究的一项的重点。
本文利用KIVA-3V程序，以L21/31船用中速柴油机为研究对象，对其缸内过程进行数值计算研究。分别用KIVA-3V程序的前处理网格生成器K3PREP与专业划分网格软件ANSYS ICEM-CFD对L21/31型船用中速柴油机建立网格模型，选择了更为合理的模型，并且通过与原机的实测压力值和NOx排放值与计算值进行对比，验证了所建模型的正确性。在此基础上，改变柴油机的转速、负荷、喷油提前角和进气延迟角等工况参数，研究参数变化对该柴油机缸内过程、整机性能和有害排放物NOx与CO的生成规律及空间分布规律的影响。
针对2011年IMO实施的第二阶段的NOx排放限制，以及2016年即将实施的第三阶段的NOx排放限制，本文在KIVA-3V程序的燃料库中添加液态DME的物性参数，选用液态DME燃料替代柴油，分析了DME对L21/31型船用中速机NOx排放的影响；并在此基础上研究了负荷和喷油提前角对L21/31型船用中速机燃用DME时的NOx的排放的影响规律，为此机型在2016年以后满足IMO Tier Ⅲ的NOx排放标准提供了有价值的参考，同时为企业对该机型的改型设计提供理论依据。
关键词 KIVA-3V；数值模拟；船用中速柴油机；燃烧过程；二甲醚(DME)
ABSTRACT
With higher requirements for environment protection at home and abroad, people hope to gain a power plant, which needs less energy but releases less pollution emissions. From this point of view, more and more stringent requirements are put forward to the performance of marine diesel engine, such as the greater output power, less fuel consumption rate, and at the same time, the engine must conform to the present ever more stringent emission regulations. The cylinder combustion affects the economic performance, the dynamic performance and the main factors for emissions of diesel engines. Because the experimental method of studying the diesel engine cylinder work process demands special equipments, and the experimental condition involves burning, apart from special laboratory can provide the test conditions, most experimental methods are hard to conduct. So using experimental method to study the work of the diesel engine in cylinder has some limitations. Therefore launching a numerical simulation method research on the combustion process of diesel engine has been a hot topic in internal combustion engine industry.
L21/31 marine medium-speed diesel is taken as the research object and KIVA-3V program is used to simulate the cylinder combustion progress in it. To generate the diesel’s grid meshes, the K3PREP generator and ANSYS ICEM-CFD software are used respectively. By comparing the measured pressures and NOx emissions with two calculated results, ICEM-CFD model is chosen for the more reasonable model, meanwhile the accuracy of this model has also proved successful. On this basis, the main emphasis is placed on the influence of four factors including speed, load, fuel injection advance angle and inlet delay angle on how these parameters effect on the cylinder process, dynamic performance and spatial distribution of harmful emissions such as NOx and CO of the diesel engine.
Aimed at NOx emissions limits of the second stage which implemented by IMO in 2011, and that of the upcoming third stage in 2016, this paper adds physical parameters of liquid DME to fuel libery of KIVA-3V program. We chose liquid DME as a substitute for diesel fuel, analysed the influence of DME on L21/31 type of marine medium speed machine NOx emissions. On the basis, reducing the load and delaying the fuel injection advance angle to research how these two parameters effect on the NOx emission value with DME fuel. Then we can forecast whether this type of engine can meet the standard of the third stage NOx emissions after 2016, and provide a theoretical basis for enterprise to retrofit the design of the model in this paper.
Key word KIVA-3V, numerical simulation, Marine medium-speed diesel, combustion process, dymethyl ether (DME)
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT III
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 选题的理论意义及实用价值 1
1.2 数值模拟的国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
1.2.1 国外技术发展情况 2
1.2.2 国内技术发展情况 4
1.3 KIVA程序的研究现状及发展趋势 6
1.4 本文的主要研究工作 8
1.5 本章小结 8
第2章 柴油机燃烧过程的基本理论 9
2.1 主要控制方程 9
2.1.1 组分方程与连续方程（质量守恒方程） 10
2.1.2 动量守恒方程 10
2.1.3 能量守恒方程 11
2.1.4 理想状态方程 12
2.1.5 化学守恒方程 12
2.2 湍流模型 13
2.2.1 标准k-ε双方程 13
2.2.2 （RNG）k-ε湍流模型 14
2.2.3 亚网格尺度（SGS）模型 14
2.3 液滴喷雾模型 14
2.4 氮氧化物生成模型 16
2.5 边界条件 17
2.6 本章小结 18
第3章 L21/31船用中速柴油机缸内过程数值计算 19
3.1 L21/31船用中速柴油机的主要结构参数 19
3.2 燃烧室网格的生成 20..
