深海半潜平台剩余疲劳.doc

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深海半潜平台剩余疲劳,摘要深海半潜平台作为深海海洋油气开采的主流设备,体积庞大,结构复杂,造价成本高,工作环境极其恶劣。海洋平台一旦发生安全性事故,不仅会带来巨大的经济损失、人员伤亡,而且还会严重的污染环境。所以对深海半潜平台进行剩余疲劳寿命预报是极其重要的。本文基于abs《近海结构物疲劳评估规范》,以某深水半潜式海洋平台为目标,首先根据平...
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摘 要
深海半潜平台作为深海海洋油气开采的主流设备,体积庞大,结构复杂,造价成本高,工作环境极其恶劣。海洋平台一旦发生安全性事故,不仅会带来巨大的经济损失、人员伤亡,而且还会严重的污染环境。所以对深海半潜平台进行剩余疲劳寿命预报是极其重要的。
本文基于ABS《近海结构物疲劳评估规范》,以某深水半潜式海洋平台为目标,首先根据平台整体结构强度的计算结果,选取高应力区为关键节点部位,建立关键节点的精细有限元模型,进行结构强度分析,进而找到结构的疲劳热点。然后分别利用S-N曲线累积损伤方法和断裂力学方法对半潜平台关键节点进行剩余疲劳寿命分析,并将不同役龄半潜平台的腐蚀损伤和裂纹损伤考虑到有限元模型中,计算不同服役年限下受腐蚀和裂纹损伤后的疲劳热点应力,最后得到不同服役年限(每5年为周期)下平台关键节点的剩余疲劳寿命。
通过本文研究得出的主要结论如下:
(1)基于S-N曲线方法和断裂力学方法对不同服役年限(按每5年为周期)关键节点一的剩余疲劳寿命进行分析,并考虑腐蚀损伤和裂纹损伤,得到了随平台服役年限的增加,平台的剩余寿命不断降低的结论;同时计算结果显示该平台满足ABS规范设计使用寿命要求。
(2)考虑腐蚀损伤和裂纹损伤的疲劳寿命比不考虑这些因素分析的疲劳寿命要短,这符合深海半潜平台的实际工作环境,疲劳寿命结果更偏合理和安全。
(3)海洋结构物是焊接结构,不可避免的会产生裂纹,随着服役年限的增加,裂纹有不断扩展的趋势,从而影响平台的使用寿命。通过S-N曲线方法和断裂力学方法对半潜平台疲劳寿命的研究比较发现,利用基于裂纹扩展原理的断裂力学方法对半潜平台预报的剩余疲劳寿命要短,更具有合理性。
(4)通过分析发现立柱与横撑连接处,承受较大的交变载荷,疲劳寿命比立柱与上甲板连接处小,但满足ABS规范设计的使用寿命要求,是影响平台疲劳寿命的关键点。而且此部位长期受到海水的腐蚀作用,应加强日常检修和维护。特别要加大老龄半潜平台特别是进入后期服役平台的检修与维护频度,防止意外事故的突然发生。

关键词:深海半潜式平台 疲劳寿命预报 S-N曲线 断裂力学





















Abstract
Deepwater semi-submersible platform with complicated large structure and high cost is widely used in deep sea energy exploration and often works in extremely bad environment. Security incidents of offshore platforms will not only bring great economic loss, casualties but also bring serious pollution of environment. So fatigue life of deepwater semi-submersible platform is necessary and significant to be studied.
In this paper, the fatigue life of a deepwater semi-submersible is studied based on ABS Offshore Structures Fatigue Assessment Rules. Firstly, according to the global strength analysis, the high sress areas of the node positions are selected as key joints.The finite element models of the key joints are established. The strength analysis of the key joints is calculated and fatigue hot spots are found. Then the fatigue life of the key joints is studied based on S-N curves and fracture mechanics, which both considering corrosion damage and crack damage every 5 years. The main research conclusions of this paper are listed below:
(1) The remaining fatigue life of the platform is calaulated based on S-N curve method and fracture mechanics method every 5 years. The corrosion damage and crack damage is considered. The conclusion is that the remaining fatigue life is reduced with the service time increasing. So high-frequency repair and maintenance is needed for the aging platform to prevent sudden accidents.
(2) The remaing fatigue life becomes shorter when considering corrosion damage and crack damage, which agrees with the actural working environment.
(3) Semi-submersible platform is welded structure and cracks are inevitable.The remaing fatigue life is reduced because of crack propagation with the service time increasing. The fracture mechanics method is more reasonable to forecaste the fatigue life of the platform.
(4) The connection of the column and the brace of the semi-submersible platform is the important joint. It suffers from higher cyclic load and it has lower fatigue life than the connection of the column and the upper deck. It determines platform service life. So the routine repair and maintenance is espically needed for the aging platform.

Key words: deepwater semi-submersible platform; fatigue life analysis; S-N curve; fracture mechanics









目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract III
目 录 I
Contents I
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究方法和现状 3
1.2.1 S-N曲线方法研究现状 3
1.2.2 断裂力学方法研究现状 4
1.2.3 可靠性方法研究现状 5
1.2.4 三种疲劳方法比较研究总结 6
1.3 本文主要研究工作和创新点 6
1.3.1 主要工作 6
1.3.2 创新点 7
第二章 海洋结构物疲劳寿命预报方法 8
2.1 S-N曲线法 8
2.1.1 简化分析法 8
2.1.2 确定性法 9
2.1.3 谱分析法 9
2.2 断裂力学法 9
2.3 疲劳可靠性分析 11
2.4 本章小结 12
第三章 基于ABS规范的近海结构物疲劳寿命预报方法 13
3.1 引言 13
3.1.1 疲劳评定的基本方法 13
3.1.2 累积损伤规律和疲劳安全检测 14
3.1.3 现存结构 15
3.1.4 总结 15
3.2 基于S-N曲线的疲劳强度 16
3.2.1 概述 16
3.2.2 名义应力法 17
3.2.3..