船舶压载水处理高效杀菌.doc
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船舶压载水处理高效杀菌,摘要压载水是保证船舶航行安全的重要措施，但其注入和排出的过程中，不可避免的携带大量水生物。这些生物随压载水入侵到当地环境，对海洋生态系统、人类健康和港口城市经济发展造成严重的影响。船舶压载水对海洋环境的侵害，已被全球环境基金组织确认为危害海洋的四大威胁之一。为此，2004年国际海事组织在伦敦通过了《国际船舶压载水和沉积...
内容介绍
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摘要
压载水是保证船舶航行安全的重要措施，但其注入和排出的过程中，不可避免的携带大量水生物。这些生物随压载水入侵到当地环境，对海洋生态系统、人类健康和港口城市经济发展造成严重的影响。船舶压载水对海洋环境的侵害，已被全球环境基金组织确认为危害海洋的四大威胁之一。为此，2004年国际海事组织在伦敦通过了《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》。公约制订了压载水排放标准，并要求在2016年之前各国船舶所排放的压载水必须经过处理并符合公约的相关要求。
针对严峻的形势，本文提出了过滤和紫外线杀菌结合处理压载水的技术路线。过滤作为第一级处理，去除压载水中尺寸大于50 的固体颗粒和生物；紫外线杀菌作为第二级处理，杀灭尺寸小于50 的微生物。本文以理论研究和设计研究为基础，旨在设计出一套可供实船应用的高效压载水处理系统。具体研究内容和结论包括以下几个部分：
1、在参考众多相关文献的基础上，对船舶压载水引起的环境问题进行了综述，阐述了船舶压载水携带有害生物对海洋环境所造成的严重危害，阐明了压载水处理的重要性，并扼要介绍了压载水公约的内容及制定和实施进程。
2、研究了紫外线灭菌技术基础理论，并从理论和实际应用两方面阐述了紫外线杀菌技术处理压载水的可行性。
3、从反应器腔体内部紫外线剂量的分布着手，完成了处理量300m3/h高效紫外线杀菌器的设计和建模；杀菌器的紫外线剂量可以达到100000 。对所设计的杀菌器进行了流场分析，指出了所设计模型在结构上的不足，并提出了改进措施。
4、详细提出了过滤器几个过滤特殊组件的设计方法；在滤网选型设计、筒体设计、密封设计和传动件设计校核的基础上完成了吸污式自清洗过滤器的设计和建模；总结了滤网压降和滤饼压降的计算方法，完成了吸污式自清洗过滤器的压降计算，得出滤网压降为0.012MPa，单位时间内总压降为0.047MPa，且两者都符合经验标准。
5、基于前期充分的研究，设计了压载水处理流程，搭建了300m3/h船舶压载水处理系统，并完成了控制系统设计。
关键字：船舶压载水，紫外线杀菌，过滤器，设计
Abstract
Ballast water is important measure to guarantee secure voyage of ships, but it can not avoid taking along a large number of aquatic organisms in the process of injection and discharge. When these aquatic organisms invade to the local environment with ballast water, they will cause serious influence on Marine ecological system, human health and economic development of the port city. The global environment fund has confirmed that the damage of marine environment caused by ships’ ballast water is one of the four kinds of Marine threats. For this reason, in 2004,The international maritime organization in London passed the《International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments》.It sets a ballast water discharge standard, and it demands that the ballast water discharged by ships from different countries must be disposed and meet the correlative requirements before 2016.
Contraposing the serious situation, this paper puts forward a treatment technology route that combined filter with ultraviolet radiation sterilization to treat ballast water. Filter, as the first primary treatment, can wipe off solid particles and organisms whose sizes are greater than 50 in the ballast water. Ultraviolet sterilization, as the second treatment, can kill the organisms less than 50 . This article, based on the theoretical research and design research, aims to devise a set of effective ship ballast water processing system which can be used on the ships. Specific research content and conclusions contain the following aspects:
1. On the basis of many related literatures, this article sum up the environmental problem caused by ships’ ballast water; stated the phenomenon that the harmful biological carried by ships’ ballast water seriously dangerous to marine environment; illustrated the importance of ballast water treatment. And it introduced the content of the convention of ballast water, including its making and implement progress.
2. This article researched the basic sterilization theory of ultraviolet rays, and stated its feasibility for the technology of ultraviolet rays to deal with ballast water from two aspects of theory and practical application.
3. Beginning with the distribution of dose of ultraviolet rays in the reactor cavity, this article finished the design and modeling of the efficient sterilizer with capacity of 300 cubic meters per hour. In the sterilizer, the dose of ultraviolet rays can reach to 100000 . It also made some analysis of flow field of the sterilizer, pointed out some shortages of the model on the structure, and then pointed out the method to improve this device.
4. Put forward several design methods of special filtration components in detail. On the basis of the design of filter screen, the design of cylinder, the design of sealing and the design of driving medium, it finished design and modeling of self-cleaning suction filter. Summarized the computing method of mesh pressure and filter cake drop. By calculation the mesh pressure drop of 0.012MPa, the total pressure drop of 0.047MPa. Both are accord with experience criteria.
5. Based on the sufficient study, this article designed the treatment process of ballast water, built 300 s..
压载水是保证船舶航行安全的重要措施，但其注入和排出的过程中，不可避免的携带大量水生物。这些生物随压载水入侵到当地环境，对海洋生态系统、人类健康和港口城市经济发展造成严重的影响。船舶压载水对海洋环境的侵害，已被全球环境基金组织确认为危害海洋的四大威胁之一。为此，2004年国际海事组织在伦敦通过了《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》。公约制订了压载水排放标准，并要求在2016年之前各国船舶所排放的压载水必须经过处理并符合公约的相关要求。
针对严峻的形势，本文提出了过滤和紫外线杀菌结合处理压载水的技术路线。过滤作为第一级处理，去除压载水中尺寸大于50 的固体颗粒和生物；紫外线杀菌作为第二级处理，杀灭尺寸小于50 的微生物。本文以理论研究和设计研究为基础，旨在设计出一套可供实船应用的高效压载水处理系统。具体研究内容和结论包括以下几个部分：
1、在参考众多相关文献的基础上，对船舶压载水引起的环境问题进行了综述，阐述了船舶压载水携带有害生物对海洋环境所造成的严重危害，阐明了压载水处理的重要性，并扼要介绍了压载水公约的内容及制定和实施进程。
2、研究了紫外线灭菌技术基础理论，并从理论和实际应用两方面阐述了紫外线杀菌技术处理压载水的可行性。
3、从反应器腔体内部紫外线剂量的分布着手，完成了处理量300m3/h高效紫外线杀菌器的设计和建模；杀菌器的紫外线剂量可以达到100000 。对所设计的杀菌器进行了流场分析，指出了所设计模型在结构上的不足，并提出了改进措施。
4、详细提出了过滤器几个过滤特殊组件的设计方法；在滤网选型设计、筒体设计、密封设计和传动件设计校核的基础上完成了吸污式自清洗过滤器的设计和建模；总结了滤网压降和滤饼压降的计算方法，完成了吸污式自清洗过滤器的压降计算，得出滤网压降为0.012MPa，单位时间内总压降为0.047MPa，且两者都符合经验标准。
5、基于前期充分的研究，设计了压载水处理流程，搭建了300m3/h船舶压载水处理系统，并完成了控制系统设计。
关键字：船舶压载水，紫外线杀菌，过滤器，设计
Abstract
Ballast water is important measure to guarantee secure voyage of ships, but it can not avoid taking along a large number of aquatic organisms in the process of injection and discharge. When these aquatic organisms invade to the local environment with ballast water, they will cause serious influence on Marine ecological system, human health and economic development of the port city. The global environment fund has confirmed that the damage of marine environment caused by ships’ ballast water is one of the four kinds of Marine threats. For this reason, in 2004,The international maritime organization in London passed the《International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments》.It sets a ballast water discharge standard, and it demands that the ballast water discharged by ships from different countries must be disposed and meet the correlative requirements before 2016.
Contraposing the serious situation, this paper puts forward a treatment technology route that combined filter with ultraviolet radiation sterilization to treat ballast water. Filter, as the first primary treatment, can wipe off solid particles and organisms whose sizes are greater than 50 in the ballast water. Ultraviolet sterilization, as the second treatment, can kill the organisms less than 50 . This article, based on the theoretical research and design research, aims to devise a set of effective ship ballast water processing system which can be used on the ships. Specific research content and conclusions contain the following aspects:
1. On the basis of many related literatures, this article sum up the environmental problem caused by ships’ ballast water; stated the phenomenon that the harmful biological carried by ships’ ballast water seriously dangerous to marine environment; illustrated the importance of ballast water treatment. And it introduced the content of the convention of ballast water, including its making and implement progress.
2. This article researched the basic sterilization theory of ultraviolet rays, and stated its feasibility for the technology of ultraviolet rays to deal with ballast water from two aspects of theory and practical application.
3. Beginning with the distribution of dose of ultraviolet rays in the reactor cavity, this article finished the design and modeling of the efficient sterilizer with capacity of 300 cubic meters per hour. In the sterilizer, the dose of ultraviolet rays can reach to 100000 . It also made some analysis of flow field of the sterilizer, pointed out some shortages of the model on the structure, and then pointed out the method to improve this device.
4. Put forward several design methods of special filtration components in detail. On the basis of the design of filter screen, the design of cylinder, the design of sealing and the design of driving medium, it finished design and modeling of self-cleaning suction filter. Summarized the computing method of mesh pressure and filter cake drop. By calculation the mesh pressure drop of 0.012MPa, the total pressure drop of 0.047MPa. Both are accord with experience criteria.
5. Based on the sufficient study, this article designed the treatment process of ballast water, built 300 s..
