基于cfd的船用侧推器.doc
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基于cfd的船用侧推器,摘要侧推器可辅助船舶操纵，在船舶和海洋工程领域有着非常广泛的应用，作为动力定位系统的标准组成装置，与螺旋桨相比，其水动力性能研究不够充分，无公开的设计图谱。在设计或计算中，主要采用部分的定型产品所标定的额定推力，或用导管桨图谱进行替代设计并修正，结果有一定误差，无法反映其真实的流场、推力构成、船型影响，也无法比较不同侧...
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摘 要
侧推器可辅助船舶操纵，在船舶和海洋工程领域有着非常广泛的应用，作为动力定位系统的标准组成装置，与螺旋桨相比，其水动力性能研究不够充分，无公开的设计图谱。在设计或计算中，主要采用部分的定型产品所标定的额定推力，或用导管桨图谱进行替代设计并修正，结果有一定误差，无法反映其真实的流场、推力构成、船型影响，也无法比较不同侧推器的效率。故开展对侧推器的水动力性能研究具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。
为研究侧向推进器的水动力性能，本文以四叶Kaplan型可调距螺旋桨侧推器的模型实验为依据，采用CFD方法分别分析和计算了零航速下侧推器的敞水性能以及带船首侧推器的水动力性能，并将CFD敞水模拟计算结果与实验结果进行对比和验证。结果表明，所建立的模型和采用数值方法可行，适合用于分析侧推器水动力性能，其平均误差在5%以内。
本文通过零航速下不同参数侧推器敞水动力性能的计算和流场模拟，研究了不同螺距比、盘面比、毂径比、通道长度、船首侧斜角度以及叶梢间隙对侧推器水动力性能以及周围流场的影响。结果表明：螺距比、毂径比和叶梢间隙对侧推器水动力性能的影响较大，侧斜角度对侧推器水动力性能有一定的影响，而通道长度和盘面比对侧推器水动力性能影响相对较小。
船首及航速的存在对侧推器的水动力性能有较大影响。为了更好地模拟侧推器实际工作状况，更准确地分析带船首侧推器的性能和流场情况，利用NAPA软件建立一个肥大型船首配备侧推器来计算和分析船首及航速对侧推器水动力性能的影响。进行了不同航速下带船首侧推器的水动力性能研究，并通过侧推器和船首流场的模拟验证了侧推器失效的机理。研究结果表明：无航速时，侧推器效率最高，随航速增加，侧推器内部桨的推力和转矩会有所增大，但总体效率和推力下降，达到一定航速时会导致侧推器完全失效；其原因在于，在来流的干扰下，由船首两侧的压差构成的附加推力急剧下降，并转变为反向推力，抵消桨的推力，导致失效。
关键词：侧推器；CFD；水动力性能；航速；MRF；
Abstract
Transverse thrusters are widely used in ship and marine engineering especially in manoeuvring aids, but the difference from propeller is that as a standard component device of dynamic positioning system, the study on hydrodynamic performance of transverse thrusters is not sufficient. In the design and calculation, it mainly uses the rated thrust provided by manufacturers or modified design of ducted propeller. Thus, it can’t reflect the true flow field, thrust structure, ship impact and can not compare the efficiency. So the hydrodynamic performance analysis of transverse thrusters is of both fundamental and applied significance.
In order to study the hydrodynamic performance of transverse thrusters, by using CFD method, the hydrodynamic performance of transverse thrusters with ship speed and bow thrusters is studied. The simulation and verification of thrusters with a four-leaf Ka-type controllable pitch propeller are compared with experimental data and good agreement is obtained. Average error is less than 5%.
In the no ship speed condition, the effects of pitch ratio, expanded area ratio, boss ratio, tunnel length, wall inclination and tip clearance are observed on the performance of the transverse thrusters. The results show that pitch ratio, boss ratio and tip clearance have big effect on the performance; the tilt angle of the bow sides near the transverse thruster has some effecet on the performance; tunnel length and expanded area ratio have only a little effect on the performance.
The performance of bow thrusters has a strong dependence of their effectiveness on the bow and ship speed. In order to accurately analyze the flow field around the thrusters, a bow equipped by a thruster designed by NAPA is used to calculate the performance of bow thrusters with and without ship speed. After studying the change of performance under different ship speeds, the thrusters’ failure mechanism is discussed. The result proves that transverse thrusters are at the most effective when the vessel is stationary and the thrusters tend to lose effectiveness as the vessel increase its ahead. But the presence of ship speed will increase the thrust and torque of the inner propeller. The reason of thrusters’ failure lay to the pressure of the bow decreasing rapidly and reversing which balance out the thrust produced by the inner propeller.
Key words: transverse thrusters; CFD; hydrodynamic performance; ship speed; MRF
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 III
Content V
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景及意义 1
1.2侧推器概述 2
1.2.1侧推器的优缺点 2
1.2.2侧推器的结构 3
1.2.3侧推器的工作原理 4
1.3计算方法进展 5
1.3.1 螺旋桨的升力面理论 5
1.3.2 螺旋桨的面元法 6
1.3.3 基于粘流理论的螺旋桨CFD计算方法 6
1.4基于CFD的螺旋桨水动力性能研究现状 7
1.5侧推器国内外的研究现状 9
1.5.1 零航速时，侧推器推力和力矩的研究 9
1.5.2 有航速时，侧推器推力和力矩变化的研究 10
1.5.3 侧推器机构设计研究 11
1.6论文主要研究内容 11
第2章 侧推器水动力性能分析的数学模型 13
2.1概述 13
2.2数学模型 13
2.2.1基本控制方程 13
2.2.2湍流模型 14
2.3数值方法 18
2.3.1离散方法 18
2.3.2离散方程的求解 19
2.3.3多参考系模型 19
2.4侧推器的性能特征 20
2.5本章小结 20
第3章 零航速时侧推器敞水性能验证与分析 22
3.1三维模..
侧推器可辅助船舶操纵，在船舶和海洋工程领域有着非常广泛的应用，作为动力定位系统的标准组成装置，与螺旋桨相比，其水动力性能研究不够充分，无公开的设计图谱。在设计或计算中，主要采用部分的定型产品所标定的额定推力，或用导管桨图谱进行替代设计并修正，结果有一定误差，无法反映其真实的流场、推力构成、船型影响，也无法比较不同侧推器的效率。故开展对侧推器的水动力性能研究具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。
为研究侧向推进器的水动力性能，本文以四叶Kaplan型可调距螺旋桨侧推器的模型实验为依据，采用CFD方法分别分析和计算了零航速下侧推器的敞水性能以及带船首侧推器的水动力性能，并将CFD敞水模拟计算结果与实验结果进行对比和验证。结果表明，所建立的模型和采用数值方法可行，适合用于分析侧推器水动力性能，其平均误差在5%以内。
本文通过零航速下不同参数侧推器敞水动力性能的计算和流场模拟，研究了不同螺距比、盘面比、毂径比、通道长度、船首侧斜角度以及叶梢间隙对侧推器水动力性能以及周围流场的影响。结果表明：螺距比、毂径比和叶梢间隙对侧推器水动力性能的影响较大，侧斜角度对侧推器水动力性能有一定的影响，而通道长度和盘面比对侧推器水动力性能影响相对较小。
船首及航速的存在对侧推器的水动力性能有较大影响。为了更好地模拟侧推器实际工作状况，更准确地分析带船首侧推器的性能和流场情况，利用NAPA软件建立一个肥大型船首配备侧推器来计算和分析船首及航速对侧推器水动力性能的影响。进行了不同航速下带船首侧推器的水动力性能研究，并通过侧推器和船首流场的模拟验证了侧推器失效的机理。研究结果表明：无航速时，侧推器效率最高，随航速增加，侧推器内部桨的推力和转矩会有所增大，但总体效率和推力下降，达到一定航速时会导致侧推器完全失效；其原因在于，在来流的干扰下，由船首两侧的压差构成的附加推力急剧下降，并转变为反向推力，抵消桨的推力，导致失效。
关键词：侧推器；CFD；水动力性能；航速；MRF；
Abstract
Transverse thrusters are widely used in ship and marine engineering especially in manoeuvring aids, but the difference from propeller is that as a standard component device of dynamic positioning system, the study on hydrodynamic performance of transverse thrusters is not sufficient. In the design and calculation, it mainly uses the rated thrust provided by manufacturers or modified design of ducted propeller. Thus, it can’t reflect the true flow field, thrust structure, ship impact and can not compare the efficiency. So the hydrodynamic performance analysis of transverse thrusters is of both fundamental and applied significance.
In order to study the hydrodynamic performance of transverse thrusters, by using CFD method, the hydrodynamic performance of transverse thrusters with ship speed and bow thrusters is studied. The simulation and verification of thrusters with a four-leaf Ka-type controllable pitch propeller are compared with experimental data and good agreement is obtained. Average error is less than 5%.
In the no ship speed condition, the effects of pitch ratio, expanded area ratio, boss ratio, tunnel length, wall inclination and tip clearance are observed on the performance of the transverse thrusters. The results show that pitch ratio, boss ratio and tip clearance have big effect on the performance; the tilt angle of the bow sides near the transverse thruster has some effecet on the performance; tunnel length and expanded area ratio have only a little effect on the performance.
The performance of bow thrusters has a strong dependence of their effectiveness on the bow and ship speed. In order to accurately analyze the flow field around the thrusters, a bow equipped by a thruster designed by NAPA is used to calculate the performance of bow thrusters with and without ship speed. After studying the change of performance under different ship speeds, the thrusters’ failure mechanism is discussed. The result proves that transverse thrusters are at the most effective when the vessel is stationary and the thrusters tend to lose effectiveness as the vessel increase its ahead. But the presence of ship speed will increase the thrust and torque of the inner propeller. The reason of thrusters’ failure lay to the pressure of the bow decreasing rapidly and reversing which balance out the thrust produced by the inner propeller.
Key words: transverse thrusters; CFD; hydrodynamic performance; ship speed; MRF
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 III
Content V
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景及意义 1
1.2侧推器概述 2
1.2.1侧推器的优缺点 2
1.2.2侧推器的结构 3
1.2.3侧推器的工作原理 4
1.3计算方法进展 5
1.3.1 螺旋桨的升力面理论 5
1.3.2 螺旋桨的面元法 6
1.3.3 基于粘流理论的螺旋桨CFD计算方法 6
1.4基于CFD的螺旋桨水动力性能研究现状 7
1.5侧推器国内外的研究现状 9
1.5.1 零航速时，侧推器推力和力矩的研究 9
1.5.2 有航速时，侧推器推力和力矩变化的研究 10
1.5.3 侧推器机构设计研究 11
1.6论文主要研究内容 11
第2章 侧推器水动力性能分析的数学模型 13
2.1概述 13
2.2数学模型 13
2.2.1基本控制方程 13
2.2.2湍流模型 14
2.3数值方法 18
2.3.1离散方法 18
2.3.2离散方程的求解 19
2.3.3多参考系模型 19
2.4侧推器的性能特征 20
2.5本章小结 20
第3章 零航速时侧推器敞水性能验证与分析 22
3.1三维模..
