基于dsp技术的船舶电力系统.doc
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基于dsp技术的船舶电力系统,摘 要随着船舶电力系统规模的日益扩大，各种非线性电力电子设备被广泛投入到使用，这些设备的使用在提高生产效率的同时，也带来了一系列的电能质量问题，使得船舶电力系统供电质量恶化。近年来，由于电能质量恶化而引起的各种故障和事故不断发生，严重威胁到船舶的安全、经济运行，因此，实时检测和分析船舶电力系统的电能质量，进而采取有效措...
内容介绍
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摘 要
随着船舶电力系统规模的日益扩大，各种非线性电力电子设备被广泛投入到使用，这些设备的使用在提高生产效率的同时，也带来了一系列的电能质量问题，使得船舶电力系统供电质量恶化。近年来，由于电能质量恶化而引起的各种故障和事故不断发生，严重威胁到船舶的安全、经济运行，因此，实时检测和分析船舶电力系统的电能质量，进而采取有效措施最大限度地抑制其影响，对保障船舶安全运行是非常有必要的。
本文设计了一种基于DSP（数字信号处理器）的适合用于船舶环境下的电能质量实时检测系统，利用DSP芯片强大的计算功能进行多项电能质量指标的在线检测，实时显示测量数据，为船舶电力系统电能质量的测评提供可靠的依据。
首先论述了船舶电力系统电能质量问题产生的原因，回顾了国内外在这个领域的研究现状，简单介绍了市面上现有的电能质量检测装置所存在的问题，接着较为详细的论述了船舶电能质量的各项指标及其国家标准，从相关标准入手，研究了各种检测算法并进行仿真分析，然后讨论了适用于船舶环境的检测系统的软硬件设计，硬件设计包括有互感电路、滤波电路、信号调理电路、A/D采样电路、CAN通信接口电路等，软件设计包括有程序的初始化、A/D采样程序、数据处理算法程序、CAN通信接口程序等。考虑到船舶电网和陆上电网的不同点，着重加强了系统的抗干扰设计和数据通信稳定性的设计，最后在船舶电站实验室进行软硬件联调测试，获得测试结果。
为了保证测量精度，实现预期功能，本文做了如下关键技术的研究：针对谐波检测，由于船舶电力系统的强噪声特性使得同步采样难以实现，而传统的傅里叶变换(FFT)在非同步采样下容易出现频谱泄露和栅栏效应，因此采用加窗插值来修正，即加Blackman-Harris窗函数来解决频谱泄露问题，通过双峰谱线插值来消除栅栏效应带来的误差，特别的，针对相位误差偏大的问题，采用全相位傅里叶变换(APFFT)实现相位零误差，大大提高了谐波计算的精度。针对电压波动和闪变的检测，采用IEC推荐的闪变仪模型，经过反复试验修正滤波器的参数，改良后的滤波器检测精度明显提高。本系统为了更好的适应船舶工业环境，保证实时性要求，采用了高效率与高可靠性的CAN总线作为其通信网络，很好的实现了下位机和上位机之间的数据实时通信。
实验表明，本电能质量检测系统具有很高的测量精度，通信稳定、可靠，有良好的应用前景。
关键词 船舶电力系统；电能质量；傅里叶变换；加窗插值；全相位傅里叶变换
Abstract
With the continuous development of ships’ power system, various kinds of the nonlinear power electronic devices have been widely put into use. On one hand, they have greatly enhanced the productivity undoubtedly; On the other hand, they have brought in a series of power quality problems, even done great harm to power quality of the applied shipboard power system. By now, many faults and accidents continue to occur caused by the deterioration of the power quality; these problems have already threatened the ships’ safe and economic operation seriously. As a result, to maximize the impact of inhibition, real-time measurement and analysis of the shipboard power quality is very important, and it is essential to the safe operation of the shipboard power system.
The thesis deals mainly with a power quality detection system which based on DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and suited for shipboard environment. With the powerful computing function chip, the system can detect number of power quality indicates online, display real-time measured data. So it can provide accurate proof in testing shipboard power quality.
Firstly, discussed the reasons to causing the problems of power quality in shipboard power system, reviewed the development course in this field by foreign and domestic, and then introduced the existed problems of the power quality test device on the market. Summarized the indicators of shipboard power system’s power quality and its national standards in more detail, from the standards, researched a variety of detection algorithm and simulation. In the following, discussed the software and hardware design which was suited for the shipboard environment, the hardware design includes mutual inductance circuit, filter circuit, signal conditioning circuit, A/D sampling circuit and CAN communication interface circuit. The software design includes the initialization program, A/D sampling program, data processing algorithm program and CAN communication interface program. Taking into account the differences between the ship power grid and land power grid, this system focused on strengthening the anti-jamming design and the data stability transmission design. Finally, overall debugging and acquired the data.
To ensure accuracy and achieve the desired function, this theory made the following key technologies: For the characteristics extra noise of the ship electric power system, it is almost impossible to achieve synchronous sampling, and it is easy to bring in the frequency spectrum leaks and fence effect when traditional FFT algorithm is adopted to analyze in non-synchronous sampling. Aimed at those problems, the thesis used the window function and the interpolation to modify, that is, added the Blackman-Harris window to solve the problem of spectral leakage, and used the double peak of spectral lines interpolation to eliminate the error by the fence effect. Particularly, aimed at the problem of the overlarge phase ..
随着船舶电力系统规模的日益扩大，各种非线性电力电子设备被广泛投入到使用，这些设备的使用在提高生产效率的同时，也带来了一系列的电能质量问题，使得船舶电力系统供电质量恶化。近年来，由于电能质量恶化而引起的各种故障和事故不断发生，严重威胁到船舶的安全、经济运行，因此，实时检测和分析船舶电力系统的电能质量，进而采取有效措施最大限度地抑制其影响，对保障船舶安全运行是非常有必要的。
本文设计了一种基于DSP（数字信号处理器）的适合用于船舶环境下的电能质量实时检测系统，利用DSP芯片强大的计算功能进行多项电能质量指标的在线检测，实时显示测量数据，为船舶电力系统电能质量的测评提供可靠的依据。
首先论述了船舶电力系统电能质量问题产生的原因，回顾了国内外在这个领域的研究现状，简单介绍了市面上现有的电能质量检测装置所存在的问题，接着较为详细的论述了船舶电能质量的各项指标及其国家标准，从相关标准入手，研究了各种检测算法并进行仿真分析，然后讨论了适用于船舶环境的检测系统的软硬件设计，硬件设计包括有互感电路、滤波电路、信号调理电路、A/D采样电路、CAN通信接口电路等，软件设计包括有程序的初始化、A/D采样程序、数据处理算法程序、CAN通信接口程序等。考虑到船舶电网和陆上电网的不同点，着重加强了系统的抗干扰设计和数据通信稳定性的设计，最后在船舶电站实验室进行软硬件联调测试，获得测试结果。
为了保证测量精度，实现预期功能，本文做了如下关键技术的研究：针对谐波检测，由于船舶电力系统的强噪声特性使得同步采样难以实现，而传统的傅里叶变换(FFT)在非同步采样下容易出现频谱泄露和栅栏效应，因此采用加窗插值来修正，即加Blackman-Harris窗函数来解决频谱泄露问题，通过双峰谱线插值来消除栅栏效应带来的误差，特别的，针对相位误差偏大的问题，采用全相位傅里叶变换(APFFT)实现相位零误差，大大提高了谐波计算的精度。针对电压波动和闪变的检测，采用IEC推荐的闪变仪模型，经过反复试验修正滤波器的参数，改良后的滤波器检测精度明显提高。本系统为了更好的适应船舶工业环境，保证实时性要求，采用了高效率与高可靠性的CAN总线作为其通信网络，很好的实现了下位机和上位机之间的数据实时通信。
实验表明，本电能质量检测系统具有很高的测量精度，通信稳定、可靠，有良好的应用前景。
关键词 船舶电力系统；电能质量；傅里叶变换；加窗插值；全相位傅里叶变换
Abstract
With the continuous development of ships’ power system, various kinds of the nonlinear power electronic devices have been widely put into use. On one hand, they have greatly enhanced the productivity undoubtedly; On the other hand, they have brought in a series of power quality problems, even done great harm to power quality of the applied shipboard power system. By now, many faults and accidents continue to occur caused by the deterioration of the power quality; these problems have already threatened the ships’ safe and economic operation seriously. As a result, to maximize the impact of inhibition, real-time measurement and analysis of the shipboard power quality is very important, and it is essential to the safe operation of the shipboard power system.
The thesis deals mainly with a power quality detection system which based on DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and suited for shipboard environment. With the powerful computing function chip, the system can detect number of power quality indicates online, display real-time measured data. So it can provide accurate proof in testing shipboard power quality.
Firstly, discussed the reasons to causing the problems of power quality in shipboard power system, reviewed the development course in this field by foreign and domestic, and then introduced the existed problems of the power quality test device on the market. Summarized the indicators of shipboard power system’s power quality and its national standards in more detail, from the standards, researched a variety of detection algorithm and simulation. In the following, discussed the software and hardware design which was suited for the shipboard environment, the hardware design includes mutual inductance circuit, filter circuit, signal conditioning circuit, A/D sampling circuit and CAN communication interface circuit. The software design includes the initialization program, A/D sampling program, data processing algorithm program and CAN communication interface program. Taking into account the differences between the ship power grid and land power grid, this system focused on strengthening the anti-jamming design and the data stability transmission design. Finally, overall debugging and acquired the data.
To ensure accuracy and achieve the desired function, this theory made the following key technologies: For the characteristics extra noise of the ship electric power system, it is almost impossible to achieve synchronous sampling, and it is easy to bring in the frequency spectrum leaks and fence effect when traditional FFT algorithm is adopted to analyze in non-synchronous sampling. Aimed at those problems, the thesis used the window function and the interpolation to modify, that is, added the Blackman-Harris window to solve the problem of spectral leakage, and used the double peak of spectral lines interpolation to eliminate the error by the fence effect. Particularly, aimed at the problem of the overlarge phase ..
