无位置传感器无刷直流电机.doc
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无位置传感器无刷直流电机,摘要永磁无刷直流电机因结构简单无需碳刷机械换相、调速性能好、运行效率高、成本低廉、体积小、安装维护方便的特点，在农业、工业、国防和家用电器等领域的应用的范围越来越广。为了检测电机转子的位置通常需在电机内部安装三个霍尔传感器，而霍尔传感器对温度很敏感，容易损坏。为此，国内外对无位置传感器检测无刷直流电机转子位置的控制策略...
内容介绍
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摘要
永磁无刷直流电机因结构简单无需碳刷机械换相、调速性能好、运行效率高、成本低廉、体积小、安装维护方便的特点，在农业、工业、国防和家用电器等领域的应用的范围越来越广。为了检测电机转子的位置通常需在电机内部安装三个霍尔传感器，而霍尔传感器对温度很敏感，容易损坏。为此，国内外对无位置传感器检测无刷直流电机转子位置的控制策略进行了大量研究，但提出的方法都存在启动性能差，容易堵转和回退且常有失步现象，而且需要复杂的软件计算，成本较高。
为了解决上述问题本文引用了一种通过检测线电压差获得转子位置的方法，提出的方法能在2%的额定转速下准确检测到转子位置，从而可以利用简单软件实现电机的快速启动。
本文主要研究了适用于空调内风机和外风机的无转子位置传感器的永磁无刷直流电机的启动控制。首先从电机的基本电气特性方程入手，详细推导了无刷直流电机的数学模型。并在此基础上进一步分析和推导出了该方法的数学表达式。
其次为了验证本方法的正确性和可行性，得到线电压差的数学模型，然后通过MATLAB对系统进行了建模并进行了相应的仿真。由得到了仿真结果可以看出理论分析和仿真上是完全可行的，从而为后续工作提供了强大的理论支持。
接着分别从硬件电路（电源电路）和软件设计电路两个方面进行了分析与设计。给出了硬件电路的原理电路和参数计算方法。同时，软件方面为了克服无法计算零启动时转子位置，启动时采用三段式启动，并对启动过程进行软件跟踪及启动失败的处理，确保了启动的万无一失。
最后，笔者装配了一台空调的室内风机控制系统，对研究成果——电源板和驱动板进行了实际的测试。最终，完成了无刷直流电机的零启动和控制试验。试验结果表明：系统硬件工作正常，软件设计合理，启动速度低且平稳无明显抖动。总体看来，本文所做的工作得到了预期的结果。
关键词 无刷直流电机；线电压差；转子位置；零启动
Abstract
Brushless DC motor(BLDCM) has a simple structure without carbon brush mechanical commutation, exeellent speed adjusting performance, high operating effieieney, low cost , small in size , easy installation and maintenance etc. So in the field of agriculture, industry, defence and domestic electric appliances and so on, its application is getting more and more widespread. But, in order to detecting the rotor position must be installed three hall sensors in the motor. But hall sensors is very sensitive to temperature and damage easily. Therefore, Domestic and foreign began to do a large amount of research in detection of the sensorless brushless DC motor of rotor positions. But, these Control strategies still exist in the following defects, zero start-up performance is poor, easy to wager turn and back and often lose step phenomenon, And using complex software to get the rotor position increased costs.
The paper quote a new approach to get the rotor position signals by detecting the line voltage difference of ZCP to solve appeal problems.This method can get the rotor position at 2% rated speed. So, the motor can start-up from zero speed rapidly use this method.
The paper main study the BLDC startup control system ,it is suitable for the fans without rotor position sensor of inside or outside aire conditioning. First,this paper detailed the mathematical model of the BLDC basic on electrical characteristics of the motor.And getting the Mathematical expression of the method basis to further analysis and inferred.
Second, this paper get a system model for line voltage difference method through MATLAB and the corresponding simulation in order to verify this method is correct and feasible, get line voltage difference of the mathematical model. we can see this method in the theoretical analysis and the simulation is completely feasible by the simulation results, which provides a strong theoretical support for follow-up work.
Then, this paper analysis and design the hardware circuit (power circuit) and software. And it also presents the principle of the hardware circuit and the method of the parameters calculation. At the same time, software in order to overcome this situation that can not calculate the rotor position in the zero start-up stage, and the three-steps startup by using in software start-up stage ,and process tracking and failed to start treatment in this stage, ensure the start-up foolproof.
Finally, BLDC drive PCB and power PCB have been tested through the sample machine that is setted up by myself. At last completed the brushless dc motor starting and control experiments. The results show that the system hardware is working normally, the software design is reasonable, startup in a low speed and stable and no obvious speed jitter. In conclusion, this study has reached the desired goals.
Keywords BLDC; line voltage difference; rotor position;zero staet-up
目录
摘要 I
Abstract III
第1章 绪论 - 7 -
1.1 永磁无刷直流电机在国内外发展和现状 - 1 -
1.2 课题的由来 2
1.2.1 无位置传感器位置检测 - 2 -
1.2.2 无位置传感器的无刷直流电机的启动 - 2 -
1.2.3 转矩脉动 - 2 -
1.2.4 最佳换相 - 3 -
1.3 本课题的研究现状 - 3 -
1.3.1 无位置传感器位置检测 - 3 -
1.3.2 无位置传感器的零启动 - 5 -
1.4 本课题研究的主要内容 - 5 -
1.4.1 无刷直流电机原理和线电压差检测法的分析..
永磁无刷直流电机因结构简单无需碳刷机械换相、调速性能好、运行效率高、成本低廉、体积小、安装维护方便的特点，在农业、工业、国防和家用电器等领域的应用的范围越来越广。为了检测电机转子的位置通常需在电机内部安装三个霍尔传感器，而霍尔传感器对温度很敏感，容易损坏。为此，国内外对无位置传感器检测无刷直流电机转子位置的控制策略进行了大量研究，但提出的方法都存在启动性能差，容易堵转和回退且常有失步现象，而且需要复杂的软件计算，成本较高。
为了解决上述问题本文引用了一种通过检测线电压差获得转子位置的方法，提出的方法能在2%的额定转速下准确检测到转子位置，从而可以利用简单软件实现电机的快速启动。
本文主要研究了适用于空调内风机和外风机的无转子位置传感器的永磁无刷直流电机的启动控制。首先从电机的基本电气特性方程入手，详细推导了无刷直流电机的数学模型。并在此基础上进一步分析和推导出了该方法的数学表达式。
其次为了验证本方法的正确性和可行性，得到线电压差的数学模型，然后通过MATLAB对系统进行了建模并进行了相应的仿真。由得到了仿真结果可以看出理论分析和仿真上是完全可行的，从而为后续工作提供了强大的理论支持。
接着分别从硬件电路（电源电路）和软件设计电路两个方面进行了分析与设计。给出了硬件电路的原理电路和参数计算方法。同时，软件方面为了克服无法计算零启动时转子位置，启动时采用三段式启动，并对启动过程进行软件跟踪及启动失败的处理，确保了启动的万无一失。
最后，笔者装配了一台空调的室内风机控制系统，对研究成果——电源板和驱动板进行了实际的测试。最终，完成了无刷直流电机的零启动和控制试验。试验结果表明：系统硬件工作正常，软件设计合理，启动速度低且平稳无明显抖动。总体看来，本文所做的工作得到了预期的结果。
关键词 无刷直流电机；线电压差；转子位置；零启动
Abstract
Brushless DC motor(BLDCM) has a simple structure without carbon brush mechanical commutation, exeellent speed adjusting performance, high operating effieieney, low cost , small in size , easy installation and maintenance etc. So in the field of agriculture, industry, defence and domestic electric appliances and so on, its application is getting more and more widespread. But, in order to detecting the rotor position must be installed three hall sensors in the motor. But hall sensors is very sensitive to temperature and damage easily. Therefore, Domestic and foreign began to do a large amount of research in detection of the sensorless brushless DC motor of rotor positions. But, these Control strategies still exist in the following defects, zero start-up performance is poor, easy to wager turn and back and often lose step phenomenon, And using complex software to get the rotor position increased costs.
The paper quote a new approach to get the rotor position signals by detecting the line voltage difference of ZCP to solve appeal problems.This method can get the rotor position at 2% rated speed. So, the motor can start-up from zero speed rapidly use this method.
The paper main study the BLDC startup control system ,it is suitable for the fans without rotor position sensor of inside or outside aire conditioning. First,this paper detailed the mathematical model of the BLDC basic on electrical characteristics of the motor.And getting the Mathematical expression of the method basis to further analysis and inferred.
Second, this paper get a system model for line voltage difference method through MATLAB and the corresponding simulation in order to verify this method is correct and feasible, get line voltage difference of the mathematical model. we can see this method in the theoretical analysis and the simulation is completely feasible by the simulation results, which provides a strong theoretical support for follow-up work.
Then, this paper analysis and design the hardware circuit (power circuit) and software. And it also presents the principle of the hardware circuit and the method of the parameters calculation. At the same time, software in order to overcome this situation that can not calculate the rotor position in the zero start-up stage, and the three-steps startup by using in software start-up stage ,and process tracking and failed to start treatment in this stage, ensure the start-up foolproof.
Finally, BLDC drive PCB and power PCB have been tested through the sample machine that is setted up by myself. At last completed the brushless dc motor starting and control experiments. The results show that the system hardware is working normally, the software design is reasonable, startup in a low speed and stable and no obvious speed jitter. In conclusion, this study has reached the desired goals.
Keywords BLDC; line voltage difference; rotor position;zero staet-up
目录
摘要 I
Abstract III
第1章 绪论 - 7 -
1.1 永磁无刷直流电机在国内外发展和现状 - 1 -
1.2 课题的由来 2
1.2.1 无位置传感器位置检测 - 2 -
1.2.2 无位置传感器的无刷直流电机的启动 - 2 -
1.2.3 转矩脉动 - 2 -
1.2.4 最佳换相 - 3 -
1.3 本课题的研究现状 - 3 -
1.3.1 无位置传感器位置检测 - 3 -
1.3.2 无位置传感器的零启动 - 5 -
1.4 本课题研究的主要内容 - 5 -
1.4.1 无刷直流电机原理和线电压差检测法的分析..
