低压断路器群组智能.doc
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低压断路器群组智能,摘要船舶电力系统在运行过程中，由于各种原因导致故障发生，特别是短路故障，要求实现船舶电力系统短路选择性保护。以前更多的是采用时间原则或电流原则来实现选择性保护，两者都有各自的不足。因此，研究区域选择性联锁来实现船舶电力系统选择性保护。配电系统分为多个区域，在这一区域内根据设定好的断路器之间的协同关系，同时把时间原则和电...
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摘 要
船舶电力系统在运行过程中，由于各种原因导致故障发生，特别是短路故障，要求实现船舶电力系统短路选择性保护。以前更多的是采用时间原则或电流原则来实现选择性保护，两者都有各自的不足。因此，研究区域选择性联锁来实现船舶电力系统选择性保护。配电系统分为多个区域，在这一区域内根据设定好的断路器之间的协同关系，同时把时间原则和电流原则考虑进去，能够减小故障波及范围，缩短总的故障时间，为船舶电力系统选择性保护提供更为可靠地保证。
实现区域选择性联锁一个重要的前提是断路器的智能化，因此设计了一种新型智能控制器，即用于船舶低压配电系统的断路器群组控制的智能控制器，其改进之处是，将断路器的信号采集单元和动作执行元件安装在断路器本体之中，而智能控制器则与断路器本体相分离开来，单独设计成一个智能控制器装置，断路器本体和智能控制器之间通过信号电缆连接，智能控制器能够控制单个或多个断路器实现故障保护。
文章首先阐述了船舶电力系统选择性保护以及船用断路器存在的一些问题，回顾了国内外在这些领域的研究现状，接着较为详细的分析了区域选择性联锁在船舶电力系统当中的应用，以及相关理论算法在智能控制器当中实现，然后主要讨论了群组控制器的硬件设计和软件设计，最后通过实验来验证系统，获得测试结果。
硬件设计部分包括DSP最小系统电路、信号调理电路、脱扣电路、电源供电电路和数据通信电路等。信号调理电路和脱扣电路是设计的重点，在信号调理电路中针对互感器采集电流范围较广，设计了两路放大电路，一路放大倍数较大，用来放大小电流时的信号；另一路刚好相反，用于大电流的信号调理。脱扣电路设计了数字脱扣电路，同时增加模拟脱扣电路作为后备保护，提高断路器动作的可靠性。
软件部分，DSP程序设计主要完成三段电流保护功能，并完成电压和电流等有效值的测量、谐波分析、区域连锁等功能，还需要操作指令、显示、通信和事件记录等请求做出及时响应，DSP处理的工作量大，实时性又要求高，采用前后台操作的模块化编程模式很难完成软件的开发。因此，将嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II移植到DSP当中，进行控制器软件开发。
实验表明，本文所研制的低压断路器群组智能控制器基本上达到了预期的设计效果，为今后新型智能断路器在船舶电力系统上的应用提供了思想方法和设计依据。
关键词 船舶电力系统；DSP；群组控制器；区域选择性联锁；嵌入式操作系统
Abstract
During the operation of the ship’s power system, fault occurs due to various causes, especially is the short-circuit fault. The selective protection of the ship power system short-circuit is required. The principle of time or current to achieve selective protection is the most common ways. Both have their shortcomings. Therefore, a zone-selective interlock method to achieve selective protection of the ship power system is proposed in this paper. The power distribution system is divided into multiple areas. In this region, according to the defined relationships between the circuit breaker, while the time principles and current principles has been taken into account to limit the scope of the fault within a small range and shorten the general fault time, and it can provide a more reliable guarantee to the selective protection of the ship power system.
Intelligent circuit breaker is an important prerequisite to achieve ZSI. Therefore, a new intelligent controller is proposed in this paper, which is used to control the multiple breakers of the ship low voltage distribution system. The improvements is that the signal acquisition and Executive components of circuit breaker are installed in the Circuit breaker body, but intelligent controller is separated from the and circuit breaker body, which can be designed as a single intelligent controller device. And the Circuit breaker body and the intelligent controller connected by a signal cable. So, intelligent controller can control one or more circuit breakers for fault protection.
Firstly, this paper describes the selective protection of ship power system and the marine circuit breaker's existing problems, reviewed the development course in this field by foreign and domestic, introduced ZSI and the related theory of intelligent controller algorithm in the application of power system. Mainly design the hardware and software of group controller. At last, by setting up the simple laboratory experiments to verify system, and get the test results.
The part of hardware includes the minimum system circuit of DSP, the signal conditioning circuit, tripping circuit, power supply circuit and data communication circuits, etc. signal conditioning circuit and tripping circuit is the focal point of design. In signal conditioning circuit, in view of current transformer collection with wider range, design two road amplifier circuits, the larger magnification of the circuit is used to amplify a small current, the other one is just the opposite. Design digital and analog tripping circuit, which improve the reliability of the circuit breaker action.
The part of software need complete three sections of the current protection function, the RMS of voltage and current, the harmonic analysis and ZSI, etc. which also need to timely response to the operation instructions, display, communication and events requests record. The DSP processing has heavy workload and high real time requirement, so the use of fr..
船舶电力系统在运行过程中，由于各种原因导致故障发生，特别是短路故障，要求实现船舶电力系统短路选择性保护。以前更多的是采用时间原则或电流原则来实现选择性保护，两者都有各自的不足。因此，研究区域选择性联锁来实现船舶电力系统选择性保护。配电系统分为多个区域，在这一区域内根据设定好的断路器之间的协同关系，同时把时间原则和电流原则考虑进去，能够减小故障波及范围，缩短总的故障时间，为船舶电力系统选择性保护提供更为可靠地保证。
实现区域选择性联锁一个重要的前提是断路器的智能化，因此设计了一种新型智能控制器，即用于船舶低压配电系统的断路器群组控制的智能控制器，其改进之处是，将断路器的信号采集单元和动作执行元件安装在断路器本体之中，而智能控制器则与断路器本体相分离开来，单独设计成一个智能控制器装置，断路器本体和智能控制器之间通过信号电缆连接，智能控制器能够控制单个或多个断路器实现故障保护。
文章首先阐述了船舶电力系统选择性保护以及船用断路器存在的一些问题，回顾了国内外在这些领域的研究现状，接着较为详细的分析了区域选择性联锁在船舶电力系统当中的应用，以及相关理论算法在智能控制器当中实现，然后主要讨论了群组控制器的硬件设计和软件设计，最后通过实验来验证系统，获得测试结果。
硬件设计部分包括DSP最小系统电路、信号调理电路、脱扣电路、电源供电电路和数据通信电路等。信号调理电路和脱扣电路是设计的重点，在信号调理电路中针对互感器采集电流范围较广，设计了两路放大电路，一路放大倍数较大，用来放大小电流时的信号；另一路刚好相反，用于大电流的信号调理。脱扣电路设计了数字脱扣电路，同时增加模拟脱扣电路作为后备保护，提高断路器动作的可靠性。
软件部分，DSP程序设计主要完成三段电流保护功能，并完成电压和电流等有效值的测量、谐波分析、区域连锁等功能，还需要操作指令、显示、通信和事件记录等请求做出及时响应，DSP处理的工作量大，实时性又要求高，采用前后台操作的模块化编程模式很难完成软件的开发。因此，将嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II移植到DSP当中，进行控制器软件开发。
实验表明，本文所研制的低压断路器群组智能控制器基本上达到了预期的设计效果，为今后新型智能断路器在船舶电力系统上的应用提供了思想方法和设计依据。
关键词 船舶电力系统；DSP；群组控制器；区域选择性联锁；嵌入式操作系统
Abstract
During the operation of the ship’s power system, fault occurs due to various causes, especially is the short-circuit fault. The selective protection of the ship power system short-circuit is required. The principle of time or current to achieve selective protection is the most common ways. Both have their shortcomings. Therefore, a zone-selective interlock method to achieve selective protection of the ship power system is proposed in this paper. The power distribution system is divided into multiple areas. In this region, according to the defined relationships between the circuit breaker, while the time principles and current principles has been taken into account to limit the scope of the fault within a small range and shorten the general fault time, and it can provide a more reliable guarantee to the selective protection of the ship power system.
Intelligent circuit breaker is an important prerequisite to achieve ZSI. Therefore, a new intelligent controller is proposed in this paper, which is used to control the multiple breakers of the ship low voltage distribution system. The improvements is that the signal acquisition and Executive components of circuit breaker are installed in the Circuit breaker body, but intelligent controller is separated from the and circuit breaker body, which can be designed as a single intelligent controller device. And the Circuit breaker body and the intelligent controller connected by a signal cable. So, intelligent controller can control one or more circuit breakers for fault protection.
Firstly, this paper describes the selective protection of ship power system and the marine circuit breaker's existing problems, reviewed the development course in this field by foreign and domestic, introduced ZSI and the related theory of intelligent controller algorithm in the application of power system. Mainly design the hardware and software of group controller. At last, by setting up the simple laboratory experiments to verify system, and get the test results.
The part of hardware includes the minimum system circuit of DSP, the signal conditioning circuit, tripping circuit, power supply circuit and data communication circuits, etc. signal conditioning circuit and tripping circuit is the focal point of design. In signal conditioning circuit, in view of current transformer collection with wider range, design two road amplifier circuits, the larger magnification of the circuit is used to amplify a small current, the other one is just the opposite. Design digital and analog tripping circuit, which improve the reliability of the circuit breaker action.
The part of software need complete three sections of the current protection function, the RMS of voltage and current, the harmonic analysis and ZSI, etc. which also need to timely response to the operation instructions, display, communication and events requests record. The DSP processing has heavy workload and high real time requirement, so the use of fr..
