汽车电动天窗设计说明书.doc

有关汽车天窗的机械设计，对于机械，机电一体化的毕业设计都适用，里面有机械图，电路图，很简单，很容易懂！


总设计说明
汽车电动天窗主要由天窗玻璃、驱动电动机及齿轮、ECU及继电器等组成，分析了天窗玻璃的打开、关闭等动作的工作原理，介绍了电子控制系统的控制过程。轿车电动天窗是轿车车身系统中最大的配套分总成,它具有采光性好、改善车内空气质量、提高汽车档次等优点,因此,天窗版的轿车越来越受到人们的青睐。但是,目前国内轿车天窗市场的80%以上份额仍被德国伟巴斯特车顶系统公司所垄断。为了打破国外公司的技术封锁和市场垄断,提高国内汽车关键零部件产品的自主研发能力和国内轿车天窗企业的市场竞争能力,就必须采用现代设计方法进行轿车天窗自主开发研究。 本文采用逆向工程和正向设计相结合的方法建立轿车天窗产品的三维数字模型;运用多体系统动力学原理建立了天窗运动执行机构的运动学和动力学数学模型;应用ADAMS软件对天窗运动执行机构进行运动仿真分析并进行参数优化设计;应用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对天窗运动执行机构进行动态有限元分析,通过分析,验证设计的合理性。 通过本研究的实施,会从根本上改变目前国内轿车天窗行业的单纯仿制的被动局面,尽快形成自主开发能力。可以简化产品的设计开发过程,缩短产品开发周期,减少产品开发费用和成本。本研究还会对其他科技含量较高的汽车零部件的自主研发具有示范意义。
汽车电动天窗对基本性能、电流特性、密封性、耐振性、耐久性、耐温性、耐湿热性、安全性、防盗性，都有很高的要求！天窗的金属件必须经过防腐蚀处理，或使用具有防腐蚀性的材料制造。天窗的塑料件表面应光滑平整、无气泡，无影响使用的变形。天窗金属零件的涂镀层和化学处理层应符合QC/T 625中相关条款的有关规定。天窗的玻璃表面应符合GB/T 17340中6有关前风窗以外玻璃规定，其余性能符合《GB 9656 汽车用安全玻璃》的规定。天窗密封条的表面质量和性能要求应符合GB/T 12421规定。
机械的传动是从驱动电动机传递给v带轮，v带轮传到到一级减速器，由一级减速器完全输出工作，并最后由驱动齿轮传递给天窗滑杆，完成天窗玻璃的移动。
本文以PD78F0881微控制器为主控制芯片,设计了汽车电动天窗的控制单元,其特点是用按键控制天窗的动作,通过霍尔传感器检测天窗位置,实现了汽车天窗的开启、关闭、防夹等控制功能。
关键词：汽车电动天窗；天窗玻璃；基本结构；电子控制；霍尔传感器

General design
Automotive electric skylight is mainly composed of the skylight glass, driving motor, gear, ECU and relay components, analysis of the skylight glass open, closing movements such as the working principle, introduced electronic control system. Power sunroof car body system is the largest supporting assembly, it has good lighting performance, improve the air quality inside the vehicle, improves the automobile level etc., therefore, the roof version of the car more and more people of all ages. However, the current domestic car sunroof market share is still more than 80% German Webasto roof systems company monopolies. In order to break the blockade of foreign companies in technology and market monopoly, improve the domestic car key parts and components products of independent research and development capabilities and domestic car sunroof market competitive ability of the enterprise, must adopt modern design method for automobile sunroof independent development research. In this paper, by using reverse engineering and forward design combining the method to establish the car skylight product3D digital model; multi-body system dynamics theory to establish a sunroof motor execution of kinematic and dynamic mathematical model; application software of ADAMS sunroof motion actuating mechanism motion simulation analysis and parameter optimization design; finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench the sunroof motor actuator for dynamic finite element analysis, through the analysis, proved the reasonableness of the design. Through this research, implementation, will fundamentally change the current domestic car skylight industry pure imitation of the passive situation as soon as possible, form own development capacity. Can simplify the design of the products development process, shorten the product development cycle, reduce product development costs and cost. This study also to other high technology content of the auto parts self-R & D has demonstrative sense.
Automotive electric skylight on basic properties, current characteristics, sealing, vibration resistance, durability, temperature resistance, heat resistance, safety, security, have the very high request! The roof of metal parts must be anti-corrosion treatment, or the use of corrosion-resistant materials manufacturing. The roof of the plastic parts surface should be smooth, no bubbles, no effect by using deformation. Skylight metal coating and chemical processing layer should be consistent with the QC / T 625in the relevant provisions of the relevant provisions. Skylight glass surface should be in accordance with GB / T 17340in 6about the front windshield glass regulations outside, other properties are consistent with the" GB 9656" rules of automotive safety glass. Roof sealing strip surface quality and performance requirements shall be in accordance with GB / T 12421provisions.
Mechanical transmission is transmitted from the actuating motor to V belt, V belt wheel to a reducer, a reducer output work completely, and finally by the drive gear transmission to the sunroof sliding rod, complete the skylight glass mobile.
Based on the PD78F0881microcontroller as the main control chip, design of automotive electric skylight control unit, which is characterized with the key control roof movement, through the Holzer sensor detection window position, realize the sunroof opening, closing, clamping-proof control functions.
Key words: Electric Automotive skylight; skylight glass; basic structure; electronic control; Holzer senso

目录
1 绪论 1
1.1  汽车电动天窗设计的目的与意义 1
1.2  汽车电动天窗的发展现状及趋势 2
1.2.1 汽车电动天窗的发展现状 2
1.2.2 汽车电动天窗的趋势 3
2 汽车电动天窗的设计要求 4
2.1 天窗的概念 4
2.2 天窗的工作原理 4
2.3 天窗的种类特点及设计选择 4
2.3.1 汽车天窗种类 4
2.3.2 汽车天窗特点 4
2.3.3 汽车天窗各组成零部件执行标准 6
2.3.4 本设计的选择 6
2.4 天窗的结构设计 7
2.4.1 天窗的结构 7
2.4.2 天窗的密封（排水）方式 8
2.4.3 天窗玻璃的处理 8
2.5 天窗的性能要求 8
2.5.1 天窗的安全性要求 8
2.5.2 天窗防夹功能 9
2.5.3天窗的性能要求 10
2.5.4 密封性 12
2.5.5 天窗系统对产生风噪的控制 12
2.6 汽车天窗优化设计 13
3 天窗机械传动部分的设计 15
3.1 电动天窗机械部分原理及组成 15
3.1.1 汽车电动天窗的功能 15
3.1.2 电动天窗的组成 15
3.1.3 天窗的特点 15
3.1.4 电动天窗的工作原理及过程 16
3.2 机械减速部分结构设计 16
3.2.1传动系统的工作特点 16
3.2.2  传动装置的总体设计 16
3.3 装配图设计 25
3.3.1 装配图的作用 25
3.3.2 减速器装配图的绘制 25
3.4 天窗运转速度设计计算 26
3.4.1 天窗整体传动路线： 26
3.4.2 天窗玻璃移动速度与全关闭及打开所需时间的计算 26
4 天窗电子控制部分设计 28
4.1 系统硬件设计 28
4.1.1 电机驱动模块的电路设计 29
4.1.2 基于霍尔传感器的天窗防夹模块设计 29
4.1.3 EEPROM模块设计 30
4.2 电子控制系统及其工作过程 31
4.2.1 滑动打开 32
4.2.2 滑动关闭 32
4.2.3 全关闭(位置)前200mm处停止 32
4.2.4 从停止到全关闭 33
4.2.5 全关闭位置时的停止 33
5 总结 34
参考文献 35
致  谢 36
附录A 天窗主要零件 37
附录B 图纸 48