谷物收集小车的设计.rar

谷物收集小车的设计
本科生机械方面的毕业设计论文，里面包括PPT、设计说明书、外文翻译、图纸、一条龙服务！

目   录
目   录  1
设计总说明 3
Design Instruction 4
1 前  言 6
1.1 设计背景与意义 6
1.2 国内外谷物收集机械的现状与发展趋势 6
1.3 本机器主要优点 7
1.4 本课题要完成的任务 7
2 谷物收集小车总体方案的设计 8
2.1 谷物收集小车清扫与扬谷机构的设计方案 8
3 谷物收集小车整体结构的设计 9
3.1 谷物收集小车的总体结构 9
3.2 扬谷机构的结构 9
3.3 传动系统的结构 11
3.4 动力系统的结构 11
3.5 控制系统的结构 11
4 谷物收集小车基本参数的选择与计算 12
4.1 谷物收集小车的基本尺寸与参数 12
4.2扫轮转速的计算 16
4.3谷物手机小车主要技术指标 16
5 带传动的设计计算 17
5.1带传动类型与结构的选择 17
5.2带传动的设计 18
6 绞龙轴的设计与校核 21
6.1 绞龙的选型 21
6.2 绞龙的工作原理 21
6.3绞龙的设计参数分析 21
6.4轴的材料与许用应力 24
6.5设计轴的结构并绘制轴的结构草图 25
6.6按扭转强度校核轴径 26
7标准件选型与校核 28
7.1轴承的选择验算尺寸 28
7.2键的选用与校核计算 29
8 产品特点与市场前景 30
8.1（本设计）谷物收集小车的特点 30
8.2 谷物收集小车的市场前景 30
总 结 31
致 谢 32
参 考 文 献 33

谷物收集小车的设计（汽油机）
设计总说明
农业是国民经济的基础，农业生产力发展的水平和农业劳动生产率的高低, 决定了农业为其他部门提供剩余产品和劳动力的数量, 进而制约着这些部门的发展规模和速度。只有农业发展了, 国民经济其他部门才能得以进一步的发展。而农业机械化是农业现代化的中心环节, 并配合农业生物等农业技术, 成为发挥增产作用的基本手段和提高劳动生产率、减轻繁重体力劳动的必要条件和根本途径, 从而带来生产力的质的飞跃。
粮食收获后要经过脱粒、晾晒、贮存、运输、加工、消费等过程，其中谷物的晾晒是农业生产中重要的步骤，也是农业生产中的关键环节，是实现粮食生产全程机械化的重要组成部分。目前在我国，谷物的晾晒几乎完全是人工操作，劳动强度高，且劳动效率很低，部分谷物来不及晾晒或未达到安全水分造成霉变、发芽等，我国每年因此而损失的粮食高达5％，从这一意义上说，谷物晾晒的机械化比田间作业的机械化更为重要，它能最大限度减少损失，是谷物丰产、丰收的重要保障条件。
按传统方法，谷物晾晒的工作主要有：扫、摊、翻、收、集、撮、灌。其中谷物的收集是劳动强度最大，最耗时间的部分，包括：扫、收、集、撮、灌，所以农村现在急需一种小型谷物收集机械来缩短谷物收集的时间，进而提高谷物晾晒的效率。为此我的毕业设计选题为“谷物收集小车的设计”， 谷物收集小车以动力机械代替人工来收集谷物，清扫与装袋同时进行，可以大量减少时间，节省人力，从根本上改变晒场的工作状态。
本毕业设计过程中，通过对当前农村农机使用情况的调查，我发现用汽油机带动的脱粒机在农村已广泛应用，且有部分机构可以拿来借鉴。由于本课题也是指导老师与吉水赣中机械制造厂的一个合作项目，该厂主要是生产脱粒机，所以我在理论设计完成后便到该厂进行样车制作，在老师的耐心指导和厂家的大力支持下，我把理论转化为实践，克服重重困难，终于完成了样车的制作，并进行了多次改进，现在各项功能已基本达预期效果。
谷物收集小车主要由清扫机构、扬谷机构、提升机构、行走部件、传动系统、动力系统、控制系统、机架及其他部件构成。由于采用了可调整位置的动力安装架，动力机既可以采用直流电动机也可以采用小型汽油机，本设计主要以电动机为动力进行设计；传动系统主要采用带传动，使用齿轮传动来换向；清扫机构是整车的关键，为防止清扫不干净，我在小车前后设置两个扫轮，前扫轮由毛刷与刮板组成，用于谷物的初扫，后扫轮则只用毛刷，用于清扫残留谷物；扬谷机构借鉴现有脱粒机上的扬谷机构，该机构已经很成熟，性能稳定。
关键词：谷物收集小车，节省人力，电动，清扫机构
Design Instruction
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy，Agricultural productive force development level and agricultural labor productivity height decide for other department of agricultural products and provide the number of surplus labor，then restricts the development of these departments scale and speed . Only the agricultural development, national economic other department can be further development . And agricultural mechanization is the central link of agriculture modernization, it cooperates with agriculture and biology Agriculture technology ,it have become the basic means of increasing production,the necessary conditions and fundamental way of Improving labor productivity and reducing numerous hard physical labor, then bring productivity qualitative leap.
After harvesting grain, the grain need to go through the process such as threshing, air is basked in, storage, transportation, processing and consumption and other process. Air is basked in is a important as well as process as well as key link in agricultural production among them,and it is a important part to achieve food production journey mechanization.Now,in our country, Grain drying almost completely depends on artificially operation,this method needs high labor intensity and its labor efficiency is very low,some grain which are too late to air or fail to achieve safe moisture will mildew or sprout,because of these,our country loss of 5% grain. From this point, grain drying of mechanization is more important than the field of mechanization homework, it can maximize reduce the loss,it is a important security conditions to grain harvest.
According to the traditional methods,the main work of grain drying are esau, booth, turns, accept, set, pinch, fills. Grain collection needs more labor and time than other methods,it includes esau, harvesting, set, pinch, fills.so my graduation design topic is the design of grain collecting car.It uses power machinery Instead of artificially to collect grain , cleaning and bagging at the same time.This can save lots of time and fundamentally change the green coffees which working condition,this also can reduce costs.
During the graduation design process, I have surveyed the current farm machinery market, I find that driven by gasoline engine threshers are widely used in rural,and some part institutions can bring in for reference. After guiding teacher's recommendation,I practised a half month in a agricultural machine factory inJiShui. Under the support of the manufacturer, I put theory into practice and I have made a prototype,I undertook improvement, each function has reached the ideal effect .
Grain collecting car is mainly made of Cleaning the institutions, lifting up institution, hoisting mechanism, walking components, transmission system, power system, control system and frame and other components.Due to using adjustable dynamic mounts, Power can be used both dc machines and small gasoline engine. This design is mainly motor design for power, the transmission system mainly use the belt, Using gear transmission to reversing. Cleaning the agency is the key to the vehicle. To prevent to fail to swepting clean, I set the two sweep chakra in the front of the car and the rear of the car.The front wheel is make up of brush and scraper,it is used to grain initial sweep rear wheel is just make up of brush,it is used to clean the residual grain, lifting up institution is familiar with the lifting up institution which have been used in threshers,this institution is very mature and stable performance.
Keywords: Grain collecting machine ； labor-saving ；electric ；Cleaning institutions