服务外包产业集群技术.doc
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服务外包产业集群技术,摘 要近年来，随着我国经济的迅速发展和国家对服务外包产业扶持力度的不断加大，在国际外包需求激增和国内服务外包企业日趋成熟的前提下，我国服务外包产业迅速发展，服务外包市场保持着年均50% 以上的速度高速增长。idc预计，到2012 年中国离岸外包市场规模将达到89.5亿美元。目前，国内专门从事服务外包的企业有近2万家，并...
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摘 要
近年来，随着我国经济的迅速发展和国家对服务外包产业扶持力度的不断加大，在国际外包需求激增和国内服务外包企业日趋成熟的前提下，我国服务外包产业迅速发展，服务外包市场保持着年均50% 以上的速度高速增长。IDC预计，到2012 年中国离岸外包市场规模将达到89.5亿美元。目前，国内专门从事服务外包的企业有近2万家，并形成了北京、大连、上海、深圳、西安等五大服务外包产业基地。为了更好促进这一行业发展，我国又批准北京等20个城市为中国服务外包示范城市，并对试点城市实行一系列鼓励和支持措施。
服务外包产业集群不同于一般意义上的集群，在服务外包产业中存在明显的技术外溢现象，企业可以通过技术外溢获得发包方的先进技术。在当今社会企业竞争激烈的情况下，提升企业技术水平，提高企业技术创新能力，加快技术创新扩散速度已经成为集群内企业获得竞争优势，提升集群整体竞争力的重要源泉。
本文从产业集群生命周期角度研究服务外包企业技术创新扩散，为产业集群内企业在实践中制定技术创新扩散策略、尽量避开自身的某些劣势以获得技术创新扩散优势、提高技术创新效率和提升技术创新能力提供新的途径。文章发现在服务外包产业集群的成长过程中，各阶段企业的技术创新扩散表现不尽相同。在萌芽阶段，技术创新扩散不明显，缺乏创新扩散动力；在成长阶段，由于追求新技术带来的超常规利润，集群内企业争相跟进模仿技术，此时的技术创新扩散最为明显；在成熟阶段，企业的表现则是创新扩散数量最大，持续创新扩散现象显著；在最终的衰退阶段，由于对外部技术的依赖性和集群企业自身的惰性，技术创新扩散能力不断下降，直至枯竭；若集群能进入蜕变阶段，技术创新扩散能力则会逐渐复苏。基于各阶段特点，本文在产业集群成长期和成熟期，针对巩固点和控制点分别建立博弈模型，讨论服务外包企业在成熟期等待外溢、自主创新、技术交易及技术合作等路径下的支付，以得到企业提升技术水平，提高技术创新扩散能力的最佳选择，最后以南京市高新技术开发区的服务外包产业集群为例，根据其目前的发展现状，优势和劣势，结合博弈模型结论，从政府，行业和企业三个层面提出相应对策，以更好促进南京高新区服务外包产业集群内部技术创新扩散行为，提升集群的整体竞争力。
关键词：技术创新扩散；服务外包；产业集群；集群生命周期
Abstract
Recent years, with the rapid rise of China's economy and national efforts to support the service outsourcing industry continues to increase, the surge in demand in the international outsourcing business has matured at home and abroad under the premise of the rapid development of China's outsourcing industry, service outsourcing market kept on rate of more than 50% of all high-speed growth. IDC predicts that by 2012 China's offshore outsourcing market will reach 8.95 billion U.S. dollars. Currently, domestic companies are specializing in outsourcing, nearly 20,000, and Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xi'an has formed five major service outsourcing base. In order to better promote the development of this industry in February this year, the State Council also approved the Beijing and 19 cities to be the China's service outsourcing model cities, and implement a series of measures to encourage and support.
Service outsourcing industry cluster is different from the general the cluster. Technology spillovers exist in the service outsourcing industry, so companies can access the advanced technology through technology spillover. In today's competitive situation, enhancing the technological level and increasing the ability of technological innovation, accelerating technological innovation and the diffusion rate of enterprises in the cluster has become an important source of competitive advantage.
From the perspective of industry cluster life cycle of technological innovation diffusion service outsourcing enterprises, enterprises in the cluster for the industry to develop technological innovation in the practice of strategy, try to avoid some of their advantages and disadvantages for technical innovation, improve the efficiency of technological innovation and enhance technology innovation ability to provide a new way. Articles found in the evolution of industrial clusters, the diffusion of technological innovation in all different stages of expression and function. The proliferation of embryonic stage in the cluster is not very obvious, the lack of proliferation of the environment; follow-up in the profit-driven companies to imitate, the diffusion rate of growth stage was most apparent diffusion penetration of the strongest; the largest number of mature stage of proliferation, a sustained diffusion; as companies their dependency and inertia, the recession phase of continued failure, diffusion, diffusion almost stopped; recession, the gradual recovery of the proliferation phase, the speed gradually increased. This article in the growth stage and mature industrial cluster, to consolidate and control points for each game model, discuss the service outsourcing enterprises to wait for spillover in the mature, independent innovation, technology and technical cooperation, trade payment path to get enterprises to enhance technology to improve the diffusion of technological innovation the best choice. Finally, high-tech development zone in Nanjing outsourcing service industry clusters was given as a case. Consideri..
近年来，随着我国经济的迅速发展和国家对服务外包产业扶持力度的不断加大，在国际外包需求激增和国内服务外包企业日趋成熟的前提下，我国服务外包产业迅速发展，服务外包市场保持着年均50% 以上的速度高速增长。IDC预计，到2012 年中国离岸外包市场规模将达到89.5亿美元。目前，国内专门从事服务外包的企业有近2万家，并形成了北京、大连、上海、深圳、西安等五大服务外包产业基地。为了更好促进这一行业发展，我国又批准北京等20个城市为中国服务外包示范城市，并对试点城市实行一系列鼓励和支持措施。
服务外包产业集群不同于一般意义上的集群，在服务外包产业中存在明显的技术外溢现象，企业可以通过技术外溢获得发包方的先进技术。在当今社会企业竞争激烈的情况下，提升企业技术水平，提高企业技术创新能力，加快技术创新扩散速度已经成为集群内企业获得竞争优势，提升集群整体竞争力的重要源泉。
本文从产业集群生命周期角度研究服务外包企业技术创新扩散，为产业集群内企业在实践中制定技术创新扩散策略、尽量避开自身的某些劣势以获得技术创新扩散优势、提高技术创新效率和提升技术创新能力提供新的途径。文章发现在服务外包产业集群的成长过程中，各阶段企业的技术创新扩散表现不尽相同。在萌芽阶段，技术创新扩散不明显，缺乏创新扩散动力；在成长阶段，由于追求新技术带来的超常规利润，集群内企业争相跟进模仿技术，此时的技术创新扩散最为明显；在成熟阶段，企业的表现则是创新扩散数量最大，持续创新扩散现象显著；在最终的衰退阶段，由于对外部技术的依赖性和集群企业自身的惰性，技术创新扩散能力不断下降，直至枯竭；若集群能进入蜕变阶段，技术创新扩散能力则会逐渐复苏。基于各阶段特点，本文在产业集群成长期和成熟期，针对巩固点和控制点分别建立博弈模型，讨论服务外包企业在成熟期等待外溢、自主创新、技术交易及技术合作等路径下的支付，以得到企业提升技术水平，提高技术创新扩散能力的最佳选择，最后以南京市高新技术开发区的服务外包产业集群为例，根据其目前的发展现状，优势和劣势，结合博弈模型结论，从政府，行业和企业三个层面提出相应对策，以更好促进南京高新区服务外包产业集群内部技术创新扩散行为，提升集群的整体竞争力。
关键词：技术创新扩散；服务外包；产业集群；集群生命周期
Abstract
Recent years, with the rapid rise of China's economy and national efforts to support the service outsourcing industry continues to increase, the surge in demand in the international outsourcing business has matured at home and abroad under the premise of the rapid development of China's outsourcing industry, service outsourcing market kept on rate of more than 50% of all high-speed growth. IDC predicts that by 2012 China's offshore outsourcing market will reach 8.95 billion U.S. dollars. Currently, domestic companies are specializing in outsourcing, nearly 20,000, and Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xi'an has formed five major service outsourcing base. In order to better promote the development of this industry in February this year, the State Council also approved the Beijing and 19 cities to be the China's service outsourcing model cities, and implement a series of measures to encourage and support.
Service outsourcing industry cluster is different from the general the cluster. Technology spillovers exist in the service outsourcing industry, so companies can access the advanced technology through technology spillover. In today's competitive situation, enhancing the technological level and increasing the ability of technological innovation, accelerating technological innovation and the diffusion rate of enterprises in the cluster has become an important source of competitive advantage.
From the perspective of industry cluster life cycle of technological innovation diffusion service outsourcing enterprises, enterprises in the cluster for the industry to develop technological innovation in the practice of strategy, try to avoid some of their advantages and disadvantages for technical innovation, improve the efficiency of technological innovation and enhance technology innovation ability to provide a new way. Articles found in the evolution of industrial clusters, the diffusion of technological innovation in all different stages of expression and function. The proliferation of embryonic stage in the cluster is not very obvious, the lack of proliferation of the environment; follow-up in the profit-driven companies to imitate, the diffusion rate of growth stage was most apparent diffusion penetration of the strongest; the largest number of mature stage of proliferation, a sustained diffusion; as companies their dependency and inertia, the recession phase of continued failure, diffusion, diffusion almost stopped; recession, the gradual recovery of the proliferation phase, the speed gradually increased. This article in the growth stage and mature industrial cluster, to consolidate and control points for each game model, discuss the service outsourcing enterprises to wait for spillover in the mature, independent innovation, technology and technical cooperation, trade payment path to get enterprises to enhance technology to improve the diffusion of technological innovation the best choice. Finally, high-tech development zone in Nanjing outsourcing service industry clusters was given as a case. Consideri..
