基于遗传算法.doc
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基于遗传算法,摘要建筑施工中，工期、质量和成本是三个重要目标，这三个目标的好坏对项目的成功与否具有很大的影响，但是以往对项目的优化大都是考虑工期-成本的优化，很少涉及质量目标，这显然满足不了现实需要。在前人的研究成果中，对这三个目标进行优化的模型有两种：第一种模型是在工期-成本、工期-质量、工期-资源为线性关系的基础之上构建；第二种...
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摘 要
建筑施工中，工期、质量和成本是三个重要目标，这三个目标的好坏对项目的成功与否具有很大的影响，但是以往对项目的优化大都是考虑工期-成本的优化，很少涉及质量目标，这显然满足不了现实需要。在前人的研究成果中，对这三个目标进行优化的模型有两种：第一种模型是在工期-成本、工期-质量、工期-资源为线性关系的基础之上构建；第二种模型是在工期、成本、质量为非线性关系的基础之上构建。
本文分别就这两种不同的关系提出了两种综合优化模型，第一种模型是根据质量、成本与时间的关系，建立成本和质量的目标函数，然后求出各工序的可能完成时间所对应的成本和质量。为了应用遗传算法进行求解我们把各个工序的可能完成时间以及其所对应的质量和所需费用作为一个模式，每个工序的可能完成时间即对应着其模式的数量，这样每个模式都对应不同的施工时间、施工质量和施工成本，最后由每个工序的模式组成染色体，通过遗传算法进行求解；在第二种模型中，完成各个工序的时间、成本和质量是没有联系的，每个工序的不同完成时间对应相应的成本和质量，其染色体的组成同第一种模型，然后用遗传算法进行求解，运行之后可以得到多组解，决策者可以根据自己的偏好进行选择，最后对这两种模型进行比较，以确定出彼此的优缺点。
为了避免资源在单位时间内投入量过大，在三大目标综合优化的基础上加入了资源均衡操作，提出了一个两阶段优化模型，第一阶段是对工期、成本和质量进行综合优化；第二阶段是从第一阶段对所得到的非劣解中，由决策者选择一个或多个满意的解输入到本阶段进行资源均衡优化，把各个工序的开始时间作为模式构成染色体，进行遗传操作，最后通过一个工程案例证明了两阶段模型的可行性与优越性。
关键词：质量；资源；综合优化；遗传算法；模式
Abstract
Duration, cost and quality is the three main objectives of the construction. The performance of these three objectives can directly affect the entire target of the project .The best solution for a project is to achieve high quality with low cost in a proper time limit. But the previous model which could only resolve the time-cost trade-off problems that cannot satisfy decision makers’ requirement. Because of these three goals are conflicting, and if one of the goal is improvement, other goals will be weakened inevitably. So therefore we can only enable the overall goal of project to achieve superiorly , that is to say under the premise of the total target is satisfied, to ensure the quality is relatively high, relatively short duration and the cost is relatively low.
As a result of the limitation of the method, and most of the optimal method is about two goals of the three objectives, so we should find a method which is contains three goals. In predecessor’s research results, there are to types of synthesis optimization models: and one of the models is established on the base of the relation of time-cost, time-quality is linear relationship; and the other model is established on the base of the relation of time-cost, time-quality is unlinear relationship. And this paper proposed two synthesis optimization models which should be soluted by Genetic algorithm is established on the base of these two types of relation. With this method you can obtain some solutions, and the policy-maker can choose one of it which is satisfied himself. And these two methods will be compared with each other, and the way of how to choose will be pointed out.
Simultaneously in order to avoid the inputs of resource is overised in unit of time ,we proposed a two stage optimization model ,the first stage established a synthesis optimization models which is based on the relationship of the time, the quality and the cost is the misalignment, and it uses chromosomes which building up by mode to carry on the heredity operation; The second stage is to choose a non-poor solution which obtains from the Decision-maker from the first stage inputs to this stage to carries on the resource leveling optimization, it take the time in resources variance minimum as the objective function, takes the gene value which is non-critical process's beginning time to make up of the chromosome to carry on the heredity operation, An application example is analyzed to illustrate the use of the model and demonstrate its capabilities in generating and visualizing optimal tradeoffs among construction time, cost and quality, and resource.
Key words：Comprehensive optimization； Schema； GA；Quality; Resource
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 研究的背景及意义 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究的意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
1.2.1多目标优化模型的研究现状 2
1.2.2 遗传算法的研究现状 7
1.2.3对已有研究成果评述 7
1.3 课题研究内容、研究方法及技术路线 8
1.3.1研究内容 8
1.3.2研究方法 9
1.4 论文的创新点 10
第二章 遗传算法的原理及实现方法 11
2.1 遗传算法的研究现状 11
2.2遗传算法的基本要素 13
2.3遗传算法的特点 15
2.3.1遗传算法的优点： 15
2.3.2遗传算法的缺点 16
2.4 遗传算法的操作流程 16
2.5 本章小结 17
第三章 工期-成本-质量为线性关系的综合优化 18
3.1 工期、质量、成本之间的关系 18
3.1.1 工期-成本之间的关系 18
3.1.2 质量-成本之间的关系 19
3.1.3 三大目标之间的相互关系 20
3.2 工期、成本、质量为线性关系的综合优化模..
建筑施工中，工期、质量和成本是三个重要目标，这三个目标的好坏对项目的成功与否具有很大的影响，但是以往对项目的优化大都是考虑工期-成本的优化，很少涉及质量目标，这显然满足不了现实需要。在前人的研究成果中，对这三个目标进行优化的模型有两种：第一种模型是在工期-成本、工期-质量、工期-资源为线性关系的基础之上构建；第二种模型是在工期、成本、质量为非线性关系的基础之上构建。
本文分别就这两种不同的关系提出了两种综合优化模型，第一种模型是根据质量、成本与时间的关系，建立成本和质量的目标函数，然后求出各工序的可能完成时间所对应的成本和质量。为了应用遗传算法进行求解我们把各个工序的可能完成时间以及其所对应的质量和所需费用作为一个模式，每个工序的可能完成时间即对应着其模式的数量，这样每个模式都对应不同的施工时间、施工质量和施工成本，最后由每个工序的模式组成染色体，通过遗传算法进行求解；在第二种模型中，完成各个工序的时间、成本和质量是没有联系的，每个工序的不同完成时间对应相应的成本和质量，其染色体的组成同第一种模型，然后用遗传算法进行求解，运行之后可以得到多组解，决策者可以根据自己的偏好进行选择，最后对这两种模型进行比较，以确定出彼此的优缺点。
为了避免资源在单位时间内投入量过大，在三大目标综合优化的基础上加入了资源均衡操作，提出了一个两阶段优化模型，第一阶段是对工期、成本和质量进行综合优化；第二阶段是从第一阶段对所得到的非劣解中，由决策者选择一个或多个满意的解输入到本阶段进行资源均衡优化，把各个工序的开始时间作为模式构成染色体，进行遗传操作，最后通过一个工程案例证明了两阶段模型的可行性与优越性。
关键词：质量；资源；综合优化；遗传算法；模式
Abstract
Duration, cost and quality is the three main objectives of the construction. The performance of these three objectives can directly affect the entire target of the project .The best solution for a project is to achieve high quality with low cost in a proper time limit. But the previous model which could only resolve the time-cost trade-off problems that cannot satisfy decision makers’ requirement. Because of these three goals are conflicting, and if one of the goal is improvement, other goals will be weakened inevitably. So therefore we can only enable the overall goal of project to achieve superiorly , that is to say under the premise of the total target is satisfied, to ensure the quality is relatively high, relatively short duration and the cost is relatively low.
As a result of the limitation of the method, and most of the optimal method is about two goals of the three objectives, so we should find a method which is contains three goals. In predecessor’s research results, there are to types of synthesis optimization models: and one of the models is established on the base of the relation of time-cost, time-quality is linear relationship; and the other model is established on the base of the relation of time-cost, time-quality is unlinear relationship. And this paper proposed two synthesis optimization models which should be soluted by Genetic algorithm is established on the base of these two types of relation. With this method you can obtain some solutions, and the policy-maker can choose one of it which is satisfied himself. And these two methods will be compared with each other, and the way of how to choose will be pointed out.
Simultaneously in order to avoid the inputs of resource is overised in unit of time ,we proposed a two stage optimization model ,the first stage established a synthesis optimization models which is based on the relationship of the time, the quality and the cost is the misalignment, and it uses chromosomes which building up by mode to carry on the heredity operation; The second stage is to choose a non-poor solution which obtains from the Decision-maker from the first stage inputs to this stage to carries on the resource leveling optimization, it take the time in resources variance minimum as the objective function, takes the gene value which is non-critical process's beginning time to make up of the chromosome to carry on the heredity operation, An application example is analyzed to illustrate the use of the model and demonstrate its capabilities in generating and visualizing optimal tradeoffs among construction time, cost and quality, and resource.
Key words：Comprehensive optimization； Schema； GA；Quality; Resource
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 研究的背景及意义 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究的意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
1.2.1多目标优化模型的研究现状 2
1.2.2 遗传算法的研究现状 7
1.2.3对已有研究成果评述 7
1.3 课题研究内容、研究方法及技术路线 8
1.3.1研究内容 8
1.3.2研究方法 9
1.4 论文的创新点 10
第二章 遗传算法的原理及实现方法 11
2.1 遗传算法的研究现状 11
2.2遗传算法的基本要素 13
2.3遗传算法的特点 15
2.3.1遗传算法的优点： 15
2.3.2遗传算法的缺点 16
2.4 遗传算法的操作流程 16
2.5 本章小结 17
第三章 工期-成本-质量为线性关系的综合优化 18
3.1 工期、质量、成本之间的关系 18
3.1.1 工期-成本之间的关系 18
3.1.2 质量-成本之间的关系 19
3.1.3 三大目标之间的相互关系 20
3.2 工期、成本、质量为线性关系的综合优化模..
