汽车零部件.doc
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汽车零部件,摘要当今汽车行业竞争十分激烈，整车厂商的利润逐渐下滑，如何有效地降低成本提高利润，在竞争中立于不败之地，值得深思。汽车行业中零部件采购成本约占整车生产成本的60%左右， 因此，研究如何降低采购成本显得十分必要。联合采购通过规模效益，可以有效地降低采购成本。本文对联合采购在汽车行业零部件采购中的应用进行深入的探...
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摘 要
当今汽车行业竞争十分激烈，整车厂商的利润逐渐下滑，如何有效地降低成本提高利润，在竞争中立于不败之地，值得深思。汽车行业中零部件采购成本约占整车生产成本的60%左右， 因此，研究如何降低汽车零部件采购成本显得十分必要。联合采购通过规模效益，可以有效地降低采购成本。本文对联合采购在汽车行业零部件采购中的应用进行深入的探讨，主要研究内容如下：
（1）在界定联合采购的概念，阐述联合采购作用以及基本模式的基础上，从宏观与微观两方面总结了实施联合采购所需要的条件，在此基础上深入分析了联合采购在汽车行业零部件采购中的可行性。通过对零部件采供特点及采购趋势的分析，得出联合采购将会成为未来的一种趋势，并将汽车行业已经具备的条件与联合采购所需要的条件相对照，论证了汽车零部件进行联合采购是可行的。
（2）构架了汽车零部件实施联合采购的过程模型。通过对汽车零部件进程分类分析，确定了适合联合采购的零部件，并针对需要进行联合采购的零部件来选择合作伙伴，进而确定了联合采购的范围；制定了整车生产企业采购订单流程，通过合并订单实行联合采购，并对订单的执行进行跟踪管理；设计了汽车零部件联合采购的运作流程；利用绩效差距分析法对联合采购的实施效果进行了评估；最后对客车制造业联合采购的实例进行简要分析，证实了联合采购的功效。
（3）构建了合作伙伴的评价指标体系，分别采用基于熵的TOPSIS法和综合选择法对联盟成员伙伴与供应商选择进行研究；利用基于Shapley值法的综合因子修正法对联合采购联盟成员的利益进行了合理分配。
关键词 汽车零部件；联合采购；采购联盟；合作伙伴；利益分配
Abstract
At present, there is a very furious competition in auto industry, auto manufacturers’ profits are also sliding gradually. So, it deserves us making a brown study on how to reduce the cost effectively and improve profit quickly to help auto manufacturer make an indefectible station in competition. In auto line, purchasing cost of auto parts occupies about 60% of the total cost in vehicle manufacturing. Therefore, it is indispensable to study on how to reduce the cost of auto parts purchasing. Joint purchasing can reduce purchasing cost effectively by using scale-benefit. This paper focuses on the application of joint purchasing in auto parts as follows:
(1) On the base of defining conception of joint purchasing and expatiating function and model of joint purchasing, the paper summarizes the conditions of executing joint purchasing macroscopically and microcosmically. Then we make a deep analysis of feasibility of joint purchasing in parts purchasing of auto industry. Through the analysis of the characteristics and the trend of auto parts purchasing, the paper makes a conclusion that the joint purchasing is becoming the future trend. It is demonstrated that the joint purchasing for auto parts is feasible through comparing the conditions required between auto industry and joint purchasing.
(2) It designs an operational model of auto parts joint purchasing. Through the analysis of the classification of automobile components, we obtained that some automobile parts fit for joint purchasing. We determine the joint purchasing scope and choose cooperative partners in the light of the auto parts which needed to purchase with joint purchasing. The paper formulates the vehicle produce enterprise purchasing order process; through unite orders, then executing joint purchase order. At last, we track and manage the implement situation of joint purchasing. It designs the auto parts joint purchasing operate process. The paper uses the performance gap analysis to eva luate the effects of execution of the joint purchasing. At last, it demonstrated that joint purchasing is useful through a simple analysis of an example of joint purchasing in passenger car.
(3) The paper constructs value index system of cooperate partners. It adopts TOPSIS method based on entropy to select alliance member and uses synthetic select method to choose auto parts supplier. In order to make a sensible benefit assignment for alliance members, we use a method which is called synthetic factors modify that based on Shapley.
Key words auto parts; joint purchasing; purchasing consortia; cooperative partner; benefit assignment
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究的背景及意义 1
1.1.1研究背景 1
1.1.2研究意义 1
1.2国内、外研究现状 2
1.2.1汽车零部件采购的研究 2
1.2.2联合采购的研究 4
1.2.3汽车零部件联合采购的研究 7
1.3研究内容、方法及创新点 7
第2章 联合采购的概念、作用及条件 9
2.1联合采购的概念 9
2.1.1 采购的概念 9
2.1.2 联合采购的概念 11
2.2联合采购的作用 12
2.3联合采购的基本模式 13
2.4联合采购的条件 14
2.4.1 宏观条件 14
2.4.2 微观条件 15
2.5 本章小结 16
第3章 汽车零部件联合采购的可行性 17
3.1 汽车零部件的采供特点 17
3.1.1 汽车零部件的定义 17
3.1.2 汽车零部件的采供特点 18
3.1.3 汽车零部件的采购趋势 20
3.2 汽车行业具备零部件联合采购的条件 21
3.2.1 外部条件 21
3.2.2 内部条件 22
3.3 本章小结 23
第4章 汽车零部件联合采购的实施 24
4.1 确定应用范围 24
4.1.1 选择适当零部件 24
4.1.2 选择合作伙伴 25
4.2 设计运作方案 26
4.2.1 制定采购订单 26 -br..
当今汽车行业竞争十分激烈，整车厂商的利润逐渐下滑，如何有效地降低成本提高利润，在竞争中立于不败之地，值得深思。汽车行业中零部件采购成本约占整车生产成本的60%左右， 因此，研究如何降低汽车零部件采购成本显得十分必要。联合采购通过规模效益，可以有效地降低采购成本。本文对联合采购在汽车行业零部件采购中的应用进行深入的探讨，主要研究内容如下：
（1）在界定联合采购的概念，阐述联合采购作用以及基本模式的基础上，从宏观与微观两方面总结了实施联合采购所需要的条件，在此基础上深入分析了联合采购在汽车行业零部件采购中的可行性。通过对零部件采供特点及采购趋势的分析，得出联合采购将会成为未来的一种趋势，并将汽车行业已经具备的条件与联合采购所需要的条件相对照，论证了汽车零部件进行联合采购是可行的。
（2）构架了汽车零部件实施联合采购的过程模型。通过对汽车零部件进程分类分析，确定了适合联合采购的零部件，并针对需要进行联合采购的零部件来选择合作伙伴，进而确定了联合采购的范围；制定了整车生产企业采购订单流程，通过合并订单实行联合采购，并对订单的执行进行跟踪管理；设计了汽车零部件联合采购的运作流程；利用绩效差距分析法对联合采购的实施效果进行了评估；最后对客车制造业联合采购的实例进行简要分析，证实了联合采购的功效。
（3）构建了合作伙伴的评价指标体系，分别采用基于熵的TOPSIS法和综合选择法对联盟成员伙伴与供应商选择进行研究；利用基于Shapley值法的综合因子修正法对联合采购联盟成员的利益进行了合理分配。
关键词 汽车零部件；联合采购；采购联盟；合作伙伴；利益分配
Abstract
At present, there is a very furious competition in auto industry, auto manufacturers’ profits are also sliding gradually. So, it deserves us making a brown study on how to reduce the cost effectively and improve profit quickly to help auto manufacturer make an indefectible station in competition. In auto line, purchasing cost of auto parts occupies about 60% of the total cost in vehicle manufacturing. Therefore, it is indispensable to study on how to reduce the cost of auto parts purchasing. Joint purchasing can reduce purchasing cost effectively by using scale-benefit. This paper focuses on the application of joint purchasing in auto parts as follows:
(1) On the base of defining conception of joint purchasing and expatiating function and model of joint purchasing, the paper summarizes the conditions of executing joint purchasing macroscopically and microcosmically. Then we make a deep analysis of feasibility of joint purchasing in parts purchasing of auto industry. Through the analysis of the characteristics and the trend of auto parts purchasing, the paper makes a conclusion that the joint purchasing is becoming the future trend. It is demonstrated that the joint purchasing for auto parts is feasible through comparing the conditions required between auto industry and joint purchasing.
(2) It designs an operational model of auto parts joint purchasing. Through the analysis of the classification of automobile components, we obtained that some automobile parts fit for joint purchasing. We determine the joint purchasing scope and choose cooperative partners in the light of the auto parts which needed to purchase with joint purchasing. The paper formulates the vehicle produce enterprise purchasing order process; through unite orders, then executing joint purchase order. At last, we track and manage the implement situation of joint purchasing. It designs the auto parts joint purchasing operate process. The paper uses the performance gap analysis to eva luate the effects of execution of the joint purchasing. At last, it demonstrated that joint purchasing is useful through a simple analysis of an example of joint purchasing in passenger car.
(3) The paper constructs value index system of cooperate partners. It adopts TOPSIS method based on entropy to select alliance member and uses synthetic select method to choose auto parts supplier. In order to make a sensible benefit assignment for alliance members, we use a method which is called synthetic factors modify that based on Shapley.
Key words auto parts; joint purchasing; purchasing consortia; cooperative partner; benefit assignment
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究的背景及意义 1
1.1.1研究背景 1
1.1.2研究意义 1
1.2国内、外研究现状 2
1.2.1汽车零部件采购的研究 2
1.2.2联合采购的研究 4
1.2.3汽车零部件联合采购的研究 7
1.3研究内容、方法及创新点 7
第2章 联合采购的概念、作用及条件 9
2.1联合采购的概念 9
2.1.1 采购的概念 9
2.1.2 联合采购的概念 11
2.2联合采购的作用 12
2.3联合采购的基本模式 13
2.4联合采购的条件 14
2.4.1 宏观条件 14
2.4.2 微观条件 15
2.5 本章小结 16
第3章 汽车零部件联合采购的可行性 17
3.1 汽车零部件的采供特点 17
3.1.1 汽车零部件的定义 17
3.1.2 汽车零部件的采供特点 18
3.1.3 汽车零部件的采购趋势 20
3.2 汽车行业具备零部件联合采购的条件 21
3.2.1 外部条件 21
3.2.2 内部条件 22
3.3 本章小结 23
第4章 汽车零部件联合采购的实施 24
4.1 确定应用范围 24
4.1.1 选择适当零部件 24
4.1.2 选择合作伙伴 25
4.2 设计运作方案 26
4.2.1 制定采购订单 26 -br..
