m7120磨床液压传动毕业设计.rar

M7120磨床液压传动毕业设计

机械设计专业相关的毕业设计论文，里面有详细的图纸，ppt,说明书，外文翻译。

 目录
摘要•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3
Abstract•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3
前言••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3
1.液压系统性能与参数的初步确定••••••••••••••••••••••••5
1.1磨床的工作循环图及原始数据••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5
1.2工况分析、绘制工况图••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5
  1.2.1进行负载分析，绘制负载-位移曲线•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6
  1.2.2进行运动分析，绘制速度-位移曲线•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6
  1.2.3确定液压缸尺寸••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7
  1.2.4绘制液压缸工况图•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••12
2.拟定液压系统原理图，绘制电磁铁动作循环表•••••••••••13
2.1拟定磨床液压系统原理图•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••13
  2.1.1选择调速阀和速度切换回路•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••13
  2.1.2选择快速运动回路•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••16
  2.1.3选择能源•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••16
2.2绘制该液压系统的电磁铁动作循环表•••••••••••••••••••••17
3.计算和选择液压元件•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••17
3.1选择液压泵•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••17
3.2选择控制阀•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••19
3.3确定油箱容量•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••21
3.4其他附件的确定•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••22
4.设计小结•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••24
5.致谢•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••26
                 设计说明书
摘要：液压传动有许多突出的优点，所以应用范围很广泛，如一般工业用的塑料加工机械、压力机械、机床等；行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等；钢铁工业用的冶金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等；土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装置、桥梁操纵机构等；发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等国；船舶用的甲板起重机械（绞车）、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等；特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降旋转舞台等；军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放装置和方向舵控制装置等。液压传动的基本原理是在密闭的容器内，利用有压力的油液作为工作介质来实现能量转换和传递动力的。其中的液体称为工作介质，一般为矿物油，它的作用和机械传动中的皮带、链条和齿轮等传动元件相类似。在液压传动中，液压油缸就是一个最简单而又比较完整的液压传动系统，分析它的工作过程，可以清楚的了解液压传动的基本原理.，组成所需要的各种控制回路，再由若干回路有机组合成为完成一定控制功能的传动系统来完成能量的传递、转换和控制。从原理上来说，液压传动所基于的最基本的原理就是帕斯卡原理，就是说，液体各处的压强是一致的，这样，在平衡的系统中，比较小的活塞上面施加的压力比较小，而大的活塞上施加的压力也比较大，这样能够保持液体的静止。所以通过液体的传递，可以得到不同端上的不同的压力，这样就可以达到一个变换的目的。我们所常见到的液压千斤顶就是利用了这个原理来达到力的传递。
随着科技步伐的加快，液压技术在各个领域中得到了广泛的应用，液压系统也成为主机设备中最关键的部分之一。本文主要研究的是液压传动系统，液压传动系统的设计需要与主机的总体设计同时进行。设计时，主要任务是综合运用前面各章的基础知识,学习液压系统的设计步骤、内容和方法。通过学习，能根据工作要求确定液压系统的主要参数、系统原理图，能进行必要的设计计算，合理地选择和确定液压元件，对所设计的液压系统性能进行校验算，为进一步进行液压系统结构设计打下基础。必须从实际情况出发，有机的结合各种传动形式，充分发挥液压传动的优点，力求设计出结构简单、工作可靠、成本低、效率高、操作简单、维修方便的液压传动系统。
例如，液压缸是液压传动中的主要执行元件之一，它是把液压能转换成机械能的能量转换装置。液压缸结构简单、工作可靠，广泛应用于机械的液压传动中。液压缸的设计时，有多种不同的液压缸进行选择，所以，在液压缸的选择时必须了解各类液压缸的优缺点及适用范围，目前，工业中常用的液压缸的结构形式有活塞缸、柱塞缸、摆动缸三大类。活塞缸和柱塞缸可实现往复直线运动，输出速度和推力；摆动缸则实现往复摆动，输出角速度（转速）和转矩。本次设计的液压系统要求动作可靠，且为往复直线运动，故应采用活塞缸。而且单作用活塞缸可以输出多种速度。本液压系统只要求动作可靠，滑动水口打开速度要快，综合考虑上述两种活塞缸的适应场合、制造成本及体积大小等因素，本液压系统采用单作用活塞缸。
本设计同样以活塞缸入手。
1）归纳原始数据。加工工件最大尺寸630×200×320，钢坯密度7.8kg/m³，则                                                                            
     m=ρ×v=7.85×(630×200×320)=316.512kg                
     G=m•g=3101.82N                                        
    动摩擦因素为μd=0.1     静摩擦因素为μs=0.2
    △t=0.13   V进=0.1m/s V退=0.2m/s
2）选择液压缸并确定液压缸尺寸
通过比较活塞缸，柱塞缸，摆动缸的用途及优缺点，选择使用单杆活塞缸，运用公式计算出液压缸的内径D，计算活塞杆直径d，各工作阶段活塞缸压力P1，流量Q及功率P。并绘制工况图。
3）液压传动原理设计
拟定液压传动原理图，设计各类回路，本设计所包括的回路有速度切换回路，换向回路，快速运动回路。
4）液压泵及其他液压辅件选择
①通过比较叶片泵，柱塞泵，齿轮泵优缺点，选择使用单作用变量叶片泵。计算叶片泵额定压力及额定流量。
②确定电机功率。
③选择控制阀，本设计需要选择的液压阀有节流阀，溢流阀，三位四通换向阀等。
④ 计算油箱容量及输油管内径
    液压作为一个广泛应用的技术，在未来更是有广阔的前景。随着计算机的深入发展，液压控制系统可以和智能控制的技术、计算机控制的技术等技术结合起来，这样就能够在更多的场合中发挥作用，也可以更加精巧的、更加灵活地完成预期的控制任务。

关键字：液压传动，数据计算，装量

Abstract: Hydraulic transmission has many outstanding qualities. So it applied in a wild range. Such as general industrial plastic processing machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; Walking in the mechanical engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobile, etc.; Steel industrial metallurgy mechanical, improve device, roll adjusting device, etc.; With the flood control engineering, etc; the gates and the dam device, lifting devices river bridge, manipulated mechanism, etc.; Power plant turbines control device, nuclear power plant and other countries; The deck of the ship in hoisting machinery (winch), the bow to the door, the bulkhead valve, the stern thrusters, etc.; Special technology giant antenna with control devices, measuring buoy, lift revolving stage, etc ;Military industrial gun control devices, ship roll reduction device, aircraft simulation, the plane landing gear device and rudder control devices, etc. The basic principle of hydraulic drive is to use pressure oil as medium to realize the energy conversion and transfer of power in an airtight container inside. The liquid called work medium, generally for mineral oil, the role of the mechanical transmission belt, and the chain and gears and transmission components are similar. In hydraulic transmission, hydraulic oil cylinder is one of the most simple and relatively complete hydraulic transmission system, and analyzes its working process, can clear understanding of the basic principle of hydraulic drive. And the needs of the various of control circuit, again by several loop organic combination become complete certain control functions of transmission system to complete the transfer of energy conversion, and control. In principle , hydraulic transmission is based on the basic principle is PASCAL principle, that is the liquid pressure of the everywhere is consistent, and, as such, in the balance of the system, the smaller the pistons put pressure on smaller, and big put pressure on the piston is also great and it will keep the stillness of liquid. So through the liquid of transmission, we can get different serve the different kinds of pressure, so that it can achieve the purpose of a transformation. We have common to the hydraulic jack is to use this principle to force transfer.                            
    With the quickening pace of science and technology, hydraulic technology in many fields of a wide range of applications, hydraulic system also become the host of the most important part of the equipment of one. This paper mainly studies the hydraulic transmission system, hydraulic transmission system design need and the host of the overall design simultaneously. In the design, the main task is to comprehensive use of the basic knowledge of front chapters to learn hydraulic system design steps, content and the method. Through the study, according to the job requirements to determine the main parameters of hydraulic system, system diagram, and it can make the necessary design calculation, a reasonable choice and determine the hydraulic components for the design of hydraulic system performance check calculate, further for the hydraulic system structure design to lay the foundation. From actual conditions , organic combine all kinds of transmission form and give full play to the advantages of hydraulic transmission, strive to design a simple structure, reliable operation, high efficiency, low cost, simple operation, convenient maintenance hydraulic drive system.
For example, hydraulic cylinder is one of the main executive components of hydraulic transmission , and it is the hydraulic can convert into mechanical energy conversion devices. The hydraulic cylinder holds simple structure, reliable operation. So it widely used in mechanical hydraulic transmission. When design the hydraulic cylinder, there are a variety of different hydraulic cylinder for choice. So, it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of hydraulic cylinder and applicable range. Currently, the industrial used in the structure of the hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder, form a piston cylinder, the swinging cylinder three categories. The piston cylinder and piston cylinder can realize reciprocal linear movement and output speed and thrust; while the swinging cylinder is to reciprocating swings, output angular velocity (speed) and torque. The design of the hydraulic system requires of reliable and for reciprocating linear motion, thus it should be the piston cylinder. And single function piston cylinder can output the multiple speeds. Differential connection can also achieve rapid movement. The volume is smaller than double rods piston cylinder, compact structure. The hydraulic system only requires reliable and fast open speed of the sliding outlet. Considering the above two kinds of piston cylinder to the occasion, manufacturing cost and size and other factors, the hydraulic system using differential single function piston cylinder.
    This design from the same starting with piston cylinder.
1) summarized the original data. Machining largest size 630 x 200 x 320, billet density 7.8 kg/m ³, then
M = ρ × v = 7.85 by (630 x 200 x 320) = 316.512 kg
G = m • G = 3101.82 N
Frictional factor as the μ d = 0.1 static friction factors for μ s = 0.2
Enables delta t = 0.13 V into = 0.1 m/s V back = 0.2 m/s
2) choosing a hydraulic cylinder and determined the hydraulic cylinder size
By comparing the piston cylinder, piston cylinder, swinging cylinder and the use of the advantages and disadvantages, choose to use a single stem piston cylinder, use the formula to calculate the inner diameter of the hydraulic cylinder D, calculating the diameter of piston rod D, each work stage piston cylinder pressure P1, flow Q and power P. And map condition figure.
3) hydraulic transmission principle design
Develop hydraulic transmission principle chart, all kinds of circuit design, the design of a speed switch circuit including circuit, directional control circuit, fast motion loop.
4) hydraulic pump and other hydraulic auxiliary parts choice
①through the comparison of vane pump, piston pump, the advantages and disadvantages of the gear pump, choose to use single function variable pump blades. Calculation of vane pump pressure rated and the rated flow.
② determine the motor power.
③ choose control valves, the design of the hydraulic valves need to choose a throttle valve and relief valve, and three stone reversing valves, etc.
④the calculation tank has a capacity and inner diameter pipeline.
    As a wide application technology, hydraulic is a broad prospect in the future. Along with the development of computer, combination of the intelligent control technology, computer control technology and so on, hydraulic control system can play the role in more situations, can also be more delicate and flexibility to complete desired control task.
Key words: hydraulic transmission, hydraulic calculation, the hydraulic loading.