m7180×30平面磨床液压系统设计.rar

M7180×30平面磨床液压系统设计

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目录

摘要                                                                            2
Abstract                                                                         3
前言                                                                            5
第一章 液压传动的发展历史和应用
1.1液压传动的发展历史                                                         7
1.2液压系统发展现状                                                           7
1.3液压系统的组成                                                             8
1.4现今液压系统的优缺点                                                       8
1.5平面磨床液压系统发展潮流                                                   8
第二章 液压系统工况分析
2.1磨床工作原理                                                             10
2.2 M7180×30平面磨床主参数的确定                                            10
2.3平面磨床动作循环分析                                                     10
2.4负载的分析计算                                                           11
   2.4.1  导轨的选择与摩擦力的计算                                            11
2.4.2  循环阶段受力分析与计算                                              11
2.5 计算液压系统主要参数并编制工况图                                         12
2.5.1  预选系统设计压力                                                    12
2.5.2  计算液压缸主要结构尺寸                                              13
第三章 制定液压回路方案，拟定液压系统原理图
3.1  制定液压回路方案                                                        16
3.1.1  油源形式及压力控制                                                  16
3.1.2  调速回路                                                            16
3.1.3  换向回路与快速运动回路及换接方式                                    16
3.1.4  辅助回路                                                            17
3.2  拟定液压系统图                                                          17
第四章计算与选择液压元件
4.1  液压泵及其驱动电机计算与选定                                            19                                                                                       4.1.1  液压泵最高工作压力计算                                              19
4.1.2  液压泵流量计算                                                      20
4.1.3  确定液压泵规格                                                      20
4.1.4  确定液压泵驱动功率及电机的规格、型号                                20
4.2  其他辅助元件的确定                                                      21
4.2.1  确定阀类元件及辅件                                                  21
4.2.2  确定油箱                                                            22
4.2.3  确定油管                                                            23
第五章 总结                                                                    24
致    谢                                                                       25
参考文献                                                                       26

【摘要】主要阐述了平面磨床液压系统，液压技术是机械设备中发展最快的技术之一。随着科技步伐的加快，液压技术在各个领域中得到广泛应用。液压技术己成为主机设备中最关键的部分之一。
液压系统是利用液体为介质把能量从动力源传递到消耗位置的动力传递系统。所有液压系统原理都基于帕斯卡定律，是以发现这个定律的帕斯卡的名字而命名的。这个定律表明在一个密封的容器里，如缸体或管子，受压液体向容器表面所有方向施加相等的力。。
液压系统主要包括动力元件（油泵）、执行元件（油缸或液压马达）、控制元件（各种阀）、辅助元件和工作介质等五部分.
1、动力元件（油泵） 它的作用是把液体利用原动机的机械能转换成液压力能；是液压传动中的动力部分。
2、执行元件（油缸、液压马达） 它是将液体的液压能转换成机械能。其中，油缸做直线运动，马达做旋转运动。
3、控制元件 包括压力阀、流量阀和方向阀等。它们的作用是根据需要无级调节液动机的速度，并对液压系统中工作液体的压力、流量和流向进行调节控制。
4、辅助元件 除上述三部分以外的其它元件，包括压力表、滤油器、蓄能装置、冷却器、管件{主要包括: 各种管接头(扩口式、焊接式、卡套式,sae法兰）、高压球阀、快换接头、软管总成、测压接头、管夹等}及油箱等，它们同样十分重要。
5、工作介质 工作介质是指各类液压传动中的液压油或乳化液，它经过油泵和液动机实现能量转换。
例如控制元件中的方向控制阀, 方向控制阀也称作二通阀、三通阀和四通阀等等，是根据它们的基本功能命名的。压力控制阀和简单的节流阀，通常采用二通阀，他们仅有通和断功能。三通阀可以有几种功能,这些和三通阀的油口有关。例如，来自泵的高压流体可能传送到拖拉机的液压系统里驱动负载。在不需驱动时，三通阀将高压流体送到驱动输送机构的液压马达上。
 也可以用三通阀来控制单作用式液压缸（只能单方面施力）的运动。例如，当三通阀通时，它可以阻止高压流体流入液压缸。同时，该阀可以把液压缸中的液体导向液压油箱，因此，柱塞缸可以在重力或回程弹簧的作用下回到它的初始位置。
 四通阀有四个油口。压力油口控制流体连接到需要高压的地方。同时有一个油口从高压区排出油液。排出的液体流回液压油箱
完成整个设计过程需要进行一系列工作, 首先查阅文献，了解并熟悉设计工况，最重要的就是要确定执行元件主要参数，拟定系统原理草图，计算选择液压元件，验算系统性能，绘制零件图和装配图，编制技术文件，最后撰写课程设计说明书。在这里头最重要的就是要了解所要设计的液压系统如何工作,电磁铁的动作顺序.同时，还要坚持理论联系实际，并在实践中不断总结和积累设计经验，向有关领域的科技工作者和从事生产实践的工作者学习，不断发展和创新，才能建好地完成机械设计任务。
液压作为一个广泛应用的技术，在未来更是有广阔的前景。随着计算机的深入发展，液压控制系统可以和智能控制的技术、计算机控制的技术等技术结合起来，这样就能够在更多的场合中发挥作用，也可以更加精巧的、更加灵活地完成预期的控制任务。
【关键词】 磨床  液压系统  液压元件  液压泵  流量  压力

Abstract   The mainly expounds the surface grinder hydraulic system, hydraulic technology is mechanical equipment the fastest developing technical one. Along with the science and technology, speed up the pace of hydraulic technology in each field of widely used. Hydraulic technology has become the most key host devices one of the part.
Hydraulic systems are power-transmitting assemblies employing pressurized liquid to transmit energy from an energy-generating source to an energy-use area. All hydraulic systems depend on Pascal’s law, named after Blaise Pascal, who discovered the law. This law states that pressurized fluid within a closed container-such as cylinder or pipe-exerts equal force on all of the surfaces of the container.
Hydraulic system mainly includes power components (oil), the implementation of co- mponents (oil cylinder or hydraulic motor), the control elements (all the), auxiliary components and working medium five parts.
1, power components (oil)  The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure;It is to power the entire hydraulic system.
2, the implementation of co- mponents (oil cylinder, hydraulic motor)  which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement.
3, the control elements  including pressure valve, flow valves and direction valves, etc. Their role is according to need to adjust the motive of the liquid stepless speed, and to work in hydraulic system of the liquid pressure, flow and flow to adjust control .
4, auxiliary components  in addition to the above three parts other than components, including the pressure gauge, oil filters, energy storage device, cooler, pipe fittings {mainly include: various kinds of pipe joint (enlarge mouth type, welding type, card set of type, sae flanged), high-pressure ball valve, quick change fittings, hose assemblies, pressure measuring joint, tube clamps etc} and fuel tank and so on, they also is very important.
   5, working medium  medium means all types of  the hydraulic oil or emulsion in the hydraulic transmission, it passes through the oil pump and liquid motivation realize energy conversion
For example the  directional control of the piston depends on which end of cylinder the liquid enters. As pressurized liquid enters one end of the cylinder, liquid must be drained from the other end. The drained liquid is led back to the reservoir. In a pneumatic system using air, the air in the ex-hausting end of the cylinder is vented to the atmosphere.
 Directional-control valves, also called two-way, three-way, four-way, etc. , are named in accordance with their basic function. Pressure-control and simple restrictor valves are usually two-way valves. They provide ON or OFF service. A three-way valves may perform several functions, all associated with the three-ports in the valve. For example, the power or pressurized liquid from a pump in a tractor may be sent to the hydraulic system serving the tractor’s front-end loader. Or the three-way valve may send the pressurized liquid to a hydraulic motor driving a feed conveyor while the front-end loader is not being used.
    Three-way valves may also be used to direct pressurized fluid to a single-acting hydraulic cylinder. As the three-way valve is actuated (operated) it can stop the pressurized flow to the cylinder. Further, the same valve can divert liquid from the cylinder to the reservoir, so the cylinder can retract by gravity or return springs and assume its original position.
Complete the whole design process need of work. First we should review of the literature, understand and familiar with design working conditions, the most important is to identify actuators main parameters, draws up the system theory sketches, computation select hydraulic components, the checking system performance, drawing parts drawing and assembly drawing, compile technical documents, and finally writing course design specification. In the first and the most important is to understand how to design of the hydraulic system, the action of solenoid order. At the same time, but must adhere to link theory with practice, and in practice continuously review and accumulate design experience, to relevant areas of scientific and technical workers and engaged in the production practice workers learning, the constant development and innovation, can build finish to mechanical design task.
As a wide application technology, hydraulic is a broad prospect in the future. Along with the development of computer, combination of the intelligent control technology, computer control technology and so on, hydraulic control system can play the role in more situations, can also be more delicate and flexibility to complete desired control task.
【Key words】Grinder;  Hydraulic System;   Hydraulic components;   Hydraulic pump;   Flow rate;  Pressure