数控加工中心动力头及换刀机构设计.rar

数控加工中心动力头及换刀机构设计

包括论文，外文翻译，cad图纸

摘 要

科学技术的不断发展，对机械产品的质量和生产率提出了越来越高的要求，所有这些都依赖于机械加技术的进一步提高。机械加工工艺过程的自动化是实现上述要求的最主要的措施之一。所谓机械加工，就是把金属毛坯零件加工成所需要的形状，包含尺寸精度和几何精度两个方面。能完成以上功能的设备都称为机床，数控机床就是在普通机床上发展过来的，数控的意思就是数字控制。给机床装上数控系统后，机床就成了数控机床。数字控制机床是指用数字代码形式的信息（程序指令），控制刀具按给定的工作程序、运动速度和轨迹进行自动加工的机床。我们一般所说的数控设备，主要是指数控机床和加工中心。数控加工中心是高度综合的机电一体化产品,它在原有数控机床的基础上，增加了刀库和自动换刀装置，充分利用不断发展的计算机控制技术和其它和很多先进的精密机械和自动化控制系统组成。
1948年，美国帕森斯公司接受美国空军委托，研制飞机螺旋桨叶片轮廓样板的加工设备。由于样板形状复杂多样，精度要求高，一般加工设备难以适应，于是提出计算机控制机床的设想。1949年，该公司在美国麻省理工学院（MIT）伺服机构研究室的协助下，开始数控机床研究，并于1952年试制成功第一台由大型立式仿形铣床改装而成的三坐标数控铣床，不久即开始正式生产，于1957年正式投入使用。这是制造技术发展过程中的一个重大突破，标志着制造领域中数控加工时代的开始。数控加工是现代制造技术的基础，这一发明对于制造行业而言，具有划时代的意义和深远的影响。
“十一五”期间，随着一系列关键技术的突破和自主生产能力的形成，我国开始突出“外国制造”的“重围”，进入世界高速数控机床和高精度数控机床生产国的行列。在需求的拉动下，我国数控机床产量保持高速增长，年均复合增长率达到37.4%。2010年我国数控机床产量达到23.6万台，同比增长62.2%；2010年我国数控机床消费超过60亿美元，台数超过10万台，数控机床已成为机床消费的主流。2009年至今“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”科技重大专项的持续投入，显示了政府对于发展高档数控机床与基础制造装备的决心。“十二五”期间我国将持续投入，且力度加大，每年重大专项将带动资金投入100亿以上。
展望“十二五”，我国数控机床的发展将努力解决主机大而不强、数控系统和功能部件发展滞后、高档数控机床关键技术差距大、产品质量稳定性不高、行业整体经济效益差等问题，将培育核心竞争力、自主创新、量化融合以及品牌建设等方面提升到战略高度，实现工业总产值8000亿元的目标。并力争通过10-15年的时间，实现由机床工具生产大国向机床工具强国转变，实现国产中高档数控机床在国内市场占有主导地位等一系列中长期目标。发展的计算机控制技术和其它和很多先进的精密机械和自动化控制系统组成。

关键词：数控机床；数控加工中心；三坐标数控铣床
 

Processing Center Power Head And Change Knife Mechanism Design
Author: YangGongShou
Jinggangshan University Electrical And Mechanical Engineering College,
Jiangxi  Ji’an  343009
Guiding Teacher: ZhaoHongXia

Abstract

【Abstract】The development of science and technology, the quality of the product of mechanical and productivity put forward more and more high demand, all of these are dependent on machinery and technology to improve. Mechanical processing process automation is the realization of the above requirements of one of the main measures. The so-called mechanical processing, metal processing is the blank parts into the shape of the need, including size accuracy and geometry precision two aspects. Can complete the above functions are called equipment machine, numerical control machine tool is in ordinary machine over the development, numerical control means digital control. To machine tool installed on the numerical control system, machine tool became numerical control machine. Digital control machine is to use digital code forms of information (program instruction), control tool with a working procedures, movement speed and trajectory to be automatic processing of machine tools. We usually say numerical control equipment, mainly is the index control machine tools and machining center. Nc machining center is highly integrated mechatronics products, it is in the original nc machine tools, and on the basis of increased knife library and automatically change the knife device, make full use of the continuous development of the computer control technology and other and a lot of advanced precision machinery and automation control systems.
In 1948, the United States pasonce company accept the United States air force, commissioned research plane propeller blades model outline of processing equipment. Due to complicated model shape, high accuracy, general processing equipment difficult to adapt to, and put forward the idea of computer control machine tools. In 1949, the company at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) servo mechanism with the assistance of the laboratory, began to study numerical control machine, and in 1952 the first successfully trial-produced by large vertical nc-copy milling machine and a modified three coordinates CNC milling machine, soon started production, in 1957, and formally put into use. This is in the process of manufacturing technology development a significant breakthrough in the field of manufacturing marks the beginning of the nc machining era. Numerical control processing is the foundation of the modern manufacturing technology, the invention for manufacturing industry is concerned, epoch-making significance and far-reaching influence.
The "eleventh five-year plan" period, with a series of key technical breakthroughs and independent production ability of the form, our country begins to highlight the "foreign manufacturing" "from the trap", high-speed nc machine tools and enter the world of high precision CNC machine tools producers in. On the demand of pull, China CNC machine keep production growth, the compound annual growth rate reached 37.4%. In 2010, the numerical control machine tool production reached 236000 units, up 62.2%; In 2010, numerical control machine tool consume more than 6 billion us dollars, the Numbers more than 100000 sets, and numerical control machine tool has become the mainstream of the machine tool consumption. Since 2009 "high-grade nc machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment" science and technology major projects for investment, show the government for the development of top-grade numerical control machine manufacturing equipment and foundation of determination. "1025" during our country will continue into, and efforts to strengthen, every year, major projects will drive the capital investment of more than 10 billion.
Looking to "1025", our country the development of numerical control machine will work hard to solve the host big but not strong, numerical control system and function components development lag, the high-grade numerical control machine tool key technology gap is big, product quality is not high, the stability of the whole trade poor economic benefits, will cultivate the core competitive ability, the independent innovation, quantitative fusion and brand construction of ascension to the strategic height, realize the goal of industrial output value 800 billion yuan. And pushing for 10-15 years time, achieved by machine tool production country to machine tool power shift, achieve domestic high-grade nc machine tools in the domestic market, and a series of the dominant medium and long term goals. Development of computer control technology and other and a lot of advanced precision machinery and automation control systems.

[key words] Numerical controlled machine, CNC processing center, Three coordinates CNC milling machine.

目  录

摘 要 1
Abstract 3
第1章 绪  论 7
§1.1  数控机床的产生 7
§1.2  数控系统的发展 7
§1.3  国内外数控机床的发展 9
1.3.1 国内数控机床的特点 9
1.3.2 国外数控机床的现状 9
§1.4  数控技术的发展方向 10
第2章 数控加工技术 13
§2.1  什么是数控加工中心 14
§2.2  数控机床的组成和精度指标 14
2.2.1 数控机床的组成 14
2.2.2 数控机床常见精度及传统检测方法 16
§2.3  加工中心的工作原理 16
§2.4  数控机床的分类 17
2.4.1 按工艺用途分类 17
2.4.2 按控制运动的方式分类 17
2.4.3 按伺服系统的控制原理分类 18
2.4.4 按照功能水平分类 20
§2.5  数控机床的特点及适应范围 20
2.5.1 数控机床的特点 20
2.5.2 数控机床的适用范围 21
§2.6  加工中心的发展趋势 21
2.6.1 立式加工中心 22
2.6.2 卧式加工中心 22
2.6.3 数控立式车床 23
第3章 主轴部分部件设计 24
§3.1  主轴电机及带传动的设计 24
3.1.1 主轴电机的选取 24
3.1.2 带传动计算 25
§3.2  主轴组件的设计 28
3.2.1 主轴的结构尺寸、材料等确定 29
3.2.2 轴的强度刚度校核计算 30
3.2.3 轴的弯曲刚度校核计算 31
§3.3  主轴轴承选择与校核 32
3.3.1 轴承的选择 32
3.3.2 主轴轴承的润滑与密封 32
3.3.3 主轴的寿命计算 33
§3.4  主轴箱体的截面形状和壁厚计算 34
§3.5  联接键的选择 34
第4章 换刀结构设计 35
§4.1  控制方式的选择 35
§4.2  自动换刀动作过程及控制原理 36
§4.3  液压缸结构型式的确定 37
§4.4  确定基本参数 40
§4.5  液压缸强度和稳定性计算 43
第5章 全文总结 49
参考文献 50
致  谢 51